CoinDesk Crypto

Bitcoin made a major gain Monday while investors have locked over $6 billion in crypto into various DeFi services.

• Bitcoin (BTC) trading around $12,332 as of 20:00 UTC (4 p.m. ET). Gaining 4.1% over the previous 24 hours.
• Bitcoin’s 24-hour range: $11,774-$12,485
• BTC slightly above its 10-day and 50-day moving averages, a bullish signal for market technicians.

The world’s largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization opened the week with higher-than-normal volume pushing bitcoin to as high as $12,485. For some market observers it was only a matter of time before it happened. 

Read More: Bitcoin Surges Past $12,000 to New 2020 High

Related: Grayscale’s Bitcoin Cash and Litecoin Trusts Begin Trading Publicly

“Bitcoin has been trading in a $11,000-$12,000 range for two weeks or so,” said Darius Sit, managing partner of Singapore-based QCP Capital. “It has been consolidating, threatening to break past $12,000, so this is not too surprising,” he added. 

Thus far in August, Coinbase’s daily average bitcoin volume has been $182 million, but on Monday volume was at $245 million as of press time. “Unlike last week, today’s attempt to break through the $12,000 level carried enough momentum to make a convincing break, sending BTC all the way to the $12,500 area,” said Denis Vinokourov, head of research for crypto brokerage BeQuant.

William Purdy, an options trader and founder of analysis firm PurdyAlerts, says the derivatives market is showing where traders think bitcoin’s price will be in the future as the cryptocurrency trends upward. “I think what is most interesting right now is how clear the upcoming expected price targets for bitcoin are via the option open interest,” he told CoinDesk, adding, “$12,000, $13,000, $14,100 and $16,000 are the spots with the greatest open interest, so the price is likely to settle on these as upcoming support/resistance.” 

Read More: Bitcoin DeFi May Be Unstoppable: What Does It Look Like?

Related: Bitcoin Surges Past $12,000 to New 2020 High

Of note is how traders view price movements of ether (ETH) relative to bitcoin. 

“Ether was largely a bystander Monday, mimicking the surge higher instead of being the driving force behind it,” BeQuant’s Vinokourov said. “This is suggesting a growing unease towards the current valuation.” Skyrocketing Ethereum transaction costs were among the reasons for this sentiment, Vinokourov noted. 

Read More: DeFi Frenzy Drives Ethereum Transaction Fees to All-Time Highs

Ether options bearish

Ether, the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, was up Monday trading around $438 and climbing 1.9% in 24 hours as of 20:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. ET). 

Read More: Huobi Launches Consortium of DeFi Providers and Platforms

The total value locked in decentralized finance, or DeFi, crossed the $6 billion threshold over the weekend, and it is currently up to $6.4 billion Monday. Over half of the value locked is in just three DeFi services: Maker ($1.51 billion), Aave ($1.15 billion) and Curve Finance ($1 billion).

Jean-Marc Bonnefous, managing partner for Tellurian Capital, which has been investing in crypto projects since 2014, says some of this DeFi frenzy seems to be proceeding unchecked, and warned that caution is needed. 

“Some of these DeFi applications are going to market too quickly and without even testing the code. That is highly risky,” he said to CoinDesk. “There will be a flight to quality towards those protocols that have sound operational foundations and also real added business value.” 

Read More: YAM’s Market Cap Falls From $60M to Zero in 35 Minutes

Other markets

Digital assets on the CoinDesk 20 are mostly green Monday. Notable winners as of 20:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. ET):

• litecoin (LTC) + 8.9%
• 0x (ZRX) + 8.3%
• xrp (XRP) 7.7%

Read More: Litecoin Gets Bullish Speculation, at Last, as Upgrade Approaches

Notable losers as of 20:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. ET): 

• tezos (XTZ) – 6.2%
• eos (EOS) – 1.1%
• iota (IOTA) – 1%

Read More: BitMEX to Mandate ID Verification for All Traders

Equities:

• Asia’s Nikkei 225 ended the day in the red 0.82% as data indicated Japan has experienced a record contraction in its economy in the past year.
• In Europe, the FTSE 100 closed in the green 0.61% as gains in mining stocks sent the index higher.

• The United States’ S&P 500 gained 0.40% as the consumer discretionary and mining sectors made gains on Monday.

Read More: Pantera Tells SEC Its Crypto Fund Has Raised Nearly $165M

Commodities:

• Oil is up 1.4%. Price per barrel of West Texas Intermediate crude: $41.81.
• Gold was in the green 2.1% and at $1,985 as of press time.

Read More: Lending Protocol Aave Eyes Tokenized Mortgages With Launch of V2

Treasurys:

• U.S. Treasury bonds were mixed Monday. Yields, which move in the opposite direction as price, were down most on the 10-year in the red 3.3%.

Read More: Blockchain VC Firm SPiCE VC Taps Coinbase for Digital Asset Custody

Related Stories

• Huobi Launches Consortium of DeFi Providers and Platforms With MakerDAO, Compound
• First Mover: Litecoin and Mimblewimble, Ether Futures, Chainlink, Curve

Capital One has moved to patent an artificial intelligence platform capable of turning the internet’s 24/7 cryptocurrency informational overload into actionable trading recommendations. 

• Capital One’s “credibility analysis engine” would sort through and analyze price speculations from Telegram, Twitter and Reddit crypto influencers; hacking news; regulatory headlines; YouTube videos; protocol blog posts and more, according to the Aug. 13 patent application.
• This AI-backed engine would then weigh these signals against historical trends and source track-records to generate a “market trend prediction” for the cryptocurrencies, the filing said.
• The result: a “personalized trading decision” for cryptocurrencies that users could opt to execute on the platform, according to the application.
• “It would be impossible for human traders to track,” digest, decipher and trade on the entire breadth of cryptocurrencies intelligence alone, Capital One said in the application.
• Capital One did not immediately respond to CoinDesk questions on what it plans to do with its AI credibility engine or if the platform is already in use. 

Read more: eToro Launches Crypto Portfolio Weighted by Twitter Mentions

Related Stories

• Nvidia Accused of Trying to Discredit Ex-Employee in Crypto Mining Revenue Trial
• Grayscale’s Bitcoin Cash and Litecoin Trusts Begin Trading Publicly
• Huobi Launches Consortium of DeFi Providers and Platforms With MakerDAO, Compound
• ING Bank, Rolls Royce Join Alliance to Promote Blockchain Education

OKEx has confirmed a loss of approximately $5.6 million in Ethereum Classic (ETC) from two recent 51% attacks and is considering removing ETC from its exchanges.

Yet, as the cryptocurrency exchange with the highest trading volume of ETC, OKEx acknowledged that removing ETC from trading would not be an easy decision to make, according to Jay Hao, chief executive of the exchange.

“Given ETC’s popularity and standing, we are not rushing into delisting,” Hao told CoinDesk in a Telegram message on Aug. 17. “However, they need to implement significant upgrades to the network to reduce the chances of another 51% attack happening.”

Related: Ethereum Classic’s Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Week

The Malta-based cryptocurrency exchange reimbursed all the lost ETC in full to its customers as part of its user-protection policy, according to a report published by OKEx on Saturday, and all deposits and withdrawals of ETC have been suspended due to the attacks.

Read more: Ethereum Classic’s Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Week

“We know that it is impossible to prevent a 51% attack on any decentralized exchange, but we also do not want to foot the bill for ETC’s security vulnerabilities that have made it particularly susceptible to attack(s),” said Hao.

Continued vulnerability

The recent 51% attacks on Ethereum Classic first occurred on Aug. 1 with total double-spending of $5.6 million worth of ETC. The second attack took place just five days later, losing about $1.68 million worth of ETC. 

Related: Crypto Long & Short: 51% Attacks and Open-Source Value

A 51% attack on a blockchain refers to a situation where one or more miners try to gain control of more than half of the mining power of the network. Compared with blockchains such as Bitcoin that have much a higher hashrate, blockchains with lower hashrates including Ethereum Classic are “more vulnerable” to this type of attack, according to OKEx’s report.

Read more: Crypto Long & Short: 51% Attacks and Open-Source Value

“It is evident that this breach in the blockchain’s secure functioning was due to a common problem with the Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains that have low global hashpower,” the report said. “… [T]his is certainly not limited to Ethereum Classic, which experienced a similar attack just last year. Other blockchains, such as Bitcoin Gold (BTG), have suffered such attacks in the past.”

Liquidity, and targeting OKEx

The exchange said in its report its only involvement in the attacks was the attackers used OKEx to purchase and trade ETC. This claim was a rebuttal to an analysis by blockchain analytics firm Bitquery, which alleged those wallets the attacker(s) used belonged to OKEx.

“As for why the attacker(s) chose OKEx in particular to purchase and trade their ETC, the most likely reason is liquidity,” the exchange said. “OKEx provides excellent ETC liquidity, seeing some of the largest ETC transaction volumes in the industry. This just means that the attacker(s) likely calculated that they would be able to relatively easily and promptly trade large amounts of ETC on OKEx.”

Similar to other exchanges, OKEx said it will increase the confirmation times for ETC deposits and withdrawals in the future.

The fate of Ethereum Classic has remained in question since the attacks. For now, 51% attacks are a reality for low-cap cryptocurrencies, ETC Coop Executive Director Bob Summerwill told CoinDesk, but options such as an emergency hard fork to a different hashing algorithm could help avoid future attacks.

Read more: OpenEthereum Supported 50% of Ethereum Classic Nodes. Now It’s Leaving the Project

OKEx also revealed its hot wallet system, providing more transparency about the depositing and withdrawing process on its hot wallet system.

According to a chart provided by OKEx in its report, 95% funds at OKEx are stored in its cold wallet and about 5% funds are stored in its hot wallet system, which has deployed both online and semi-offline risk management systems.

“This attack has been educational for us,” Hao said. “We learned that our robust hot wallet system worked exactly as designed but we also found some ways to improve it and are still working on this. Communication and cooperation are key in [the crypto] space and these are missing currently from our relationship with ETC, which is why we continue to see what their next moves will be.”

Ethereum Classic’s price was $7.49 as of press time, up by 4.12% over the past 24 hours.

Related Stories

• Ethereum Classic Attacker Successfully Double-Spends $1.68M in Second Attack: Report
• Market Wrap: Bitcoin Breaks $11,800; Ether Options Market Explodes

Grayscale Investments’ Bitcoin Cash Trust (BCHG) and Litecoin Trust (LTCN) crypto products are set to begin trading publicly on over-the-counter markets after receiving DTC eligibility Monday.

• The twin funds provide institutional (and now retail) investors exposure to their namesake cryptocurrencies: bitcoin cash ($5.8 billion market cap) and litecoin ($4.3 billion market cap).
• Grayscale has fashioned its growing family of crypto trusts as a gateway for investors who lack the technical know-how or risk tolerance to hold coins themselves. (Grayscale is a subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, CoinDesk’s parent firm.)
• Prior to the announcement, Grayscale reported accredited investors already held 6,028,000 BCHG shares and 2,500,800 LTCN shares through private placement deals.
• Those shares can now trade publicly as long as their institutional buyers’ one-year hold period has been met.

Related Stories

• Huobi Launches Consortium of DeFi Providers and Platforms With MakerDAO, Compound
• First Mover: Litecoin and Mimblewimble, Ether Futures, Chainlink, Curve
• ING Bank, Rolls Royce Join Alliance to Promote Blockchain Education
• Bitcoin Price Holds Below $12K Even as Hashrate Hits All-Time High

Bitcoin has risen past the key $12,000, exactly a week after it temporarily spiked past the key milestone.

• CoinDesk data shows bitcoin shot up at about 13:30 UTC, initially to $12,100, before jumping up again to just over $12,400 by 16:00 UTC, a 4.74% rise on the day.
• While Bitcoin is now at a new 2020 high, it still has some way to go before it beats last year’s high of $13,800 and still further off from the all-time high of just under $20,000 set in December 2017.

• Following three months of ultra-low volatility, bitcoin shot up at from roughly $9,100 to over $11,000 in late July, before briefly spiking past $12,000 on Aug. 10.
• Bitcoin had been continuously flirting with that milestone over the past seven days, coming as close as $11,990 late on Aug. 14.

See also: Bitcoin Price Holds Below $12K Even as Hashrate Hits All-Time High

Related Stories

• Bitcoin Price Holds Below $12K Even as Hashrate Hits All-Time High
• Bitcoin DeFi May Be Unstoppable, What Does It Look Like?
• Ex-Prudential Securities CEO Calls Bitcoin a ‘Safe Haven’
• Crypto Long & Short: The Surprisingly Sunny Outlook for Crypto Hedge Funds

More bitcoins were tokenized than mined this Sunday, decentralized finance is coming to the Bitcoin system and a former Prudential Securities CEO thinks crypto is a safe bet. 

You’re reading Blockchain Bites, the daily roundup of the most pivotal stories in blockchain and crypto news, and why they’re significant. You can subscribe to this and all of CoinDesk’s newsletters here. 

Top shelf

Bitcoin’s DeFi
DG Lab recently open sourced its proposal for a decentralized finance (DeFi) product leveraging the Bitcoin blockchain. Bitcoin is a growing part of the DeFi ecosystem, built primarily on top of Ethereum, as a tokenized asset. A number of firms including Bison Trails, Crypto Garage and Blockstream are all working on solutions to create a Bitcoin-specific DeFi ecosystem that wouldn’t use representatives of bitcoin, but enable traders to do tasks directly with bitcoin, CoinDesk’s Leigh Cuen reports. 

Related: First Mover: Litecoin and Mimblewimble, Ether Futures, Chainlink, Curve

Fund Rising
Pantera Capital’s Pantera Venture Fund III has more than doubled in size since it launched in 2018. The fund brought in $164.7 million in private placements from around 200 investors, according to a Form D filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Friday. Pantera had originally hoped to raise $175 million for Venture Fund III and said in March of last year it had crossed the $160 million milestone.

Aave’s Wave
Decentralized money market Aave has released specifications for version two of its protocol as the project eyes $1 billion locked under contract, according to DeFi Pulse. Aave will partner with real estate tokenization firm RealT to bring home mortgages to DeFi. RealT did not return questions for comment by press time. As reported by CoinDesk, Aave announced plans to transition to a fully autonomous and decentralized protocol through its “genesis governance” and Aave Improvement Proposals (AIP) scheme.

Crypto Accounts
Crypto payments startup Wyre is offering savings accounts that provide interest on crypto. Announced Friday, Wyre’s client list includes crypto custody firm Casa, wallet provider BRD and traditional enterprises such as banks. The new product’s interest rates are meant to be more stable than interest rates at crypto lenders because Wyre will manage funds between MakerDAO, Compound and two centralized crypto lenders, said Jack Jia, Wyre’s vice president of business.

Ball’s Rolling
The former Prudential Securities CEO and current CEO of Sanders Morris Harris, George Ball, suggested bitcoin is “a safe haven” asset. In a recent interview with Reuters, Ball, once a self-defined opponent to blockchain, said crypto looks “very attractive” both in the long term and short term. “The government can’t stimulate the markets forever.”

Quick bites

• ING Bank, Rolls Royce join alliance to promote blockchain education (CoinDesk)
• 15 Ways to stay sane while trading crypto (CoinDesk)
• Bitcoin was the second-most-popular asset on TradingView after Tesla stock last month (The Block)
• How an anti-meme coin joke backfired into a $1.2 million meme coin (Decrypt)
• Meet a freelance cypherpunk developer in Africa (CoinDesk)

At stake

Related: Money Reimagined: How a Dangerous Idea Could Work

DeFi is a small part of the total Ethereum ecosystem, though it’s sending ripples throughout the larger crypt-verse. 

According to DeFi Pulse, the total value locked in the leading DeFi applications is around $6.34 billion, a fraction of Ethereum’s $47.8 billion market cap. 

On Friday, CoinDesk’s Omkar Godbole reported Ethereum’s derivatives markets are booming – largely in response to DeFi. Open interest in futures, or total value of outstanding contracts, rose to a record high of $1.73 billion on Friday, according to data source Skew, surpassing a previous high of $1.45 billion set 10 days earlier. 

“The DeFi boom looks to be powering gains in ether,” said John Ng Pangilinan, managing partner at Singapore-based Signum Capital.

DeFi is also helping set records on Bitcoin. On Sunday, more bitcoins were tokenized for use on Ethereum than were created by the Bitcoin protocol. 

About 900 bitcoins are mined per day, while 1,043 more bitcoins were tokenized through wrapped bitcoin, CoinDesk’s Zack Voell reported. The amount of tokenized bitcoin has shot up to nearly 31,000 bitcoins, up from 3,000 in mid-May.

Market intel

Hashing Through?
Bitcoin traded below $12,000 over the weekend. The cryptocurrency had consolidated below this critical resistance despite reaching a record hashrate of 129.03 tera hashes per second (TH/s), CoinDesk’s Omkar Godbole reports. Some argue an increasing hashrate is a bullish price signal because it causes miners to hold rather than sell bitcoin, thereby raising the price floor. At press time, Bitcoin had crossed the $12,000 level. 

Tech pod

Litecoin’s Lift
Litecoin is gearing up for a network upgrade that will integrate the privacy protocol Mimblewimble. The upgrade is supposed to help shield the identities of holders of senders and recipients of litecoin tokens while also improving the network’s ability to handle more transactions. A testnet of Mimblewimble, in the works for almost a year, is targeted for the end of September.

Op-ed

CBDC Circles
Carmelle Cadet, founder and CEO of EMTECH, thinks central bank digital currency (CBDC) development will depend upon open protocols, private experimentation and APIs to gain traction. “The tradeoffs between control, interoperability and infinite user experience customization are complex. But there is precedent for dealing with this sort of complexity. Banks have partnered with fintechs to address the market’s need for consumer convenience,” she writes. 

Hedge Your Bet?
Crypto hedge funds are underperforming blue-chip cryptographic assets such as bitcoin and the S&P 500. Yet, Noelle Acheson, CoinDesk’s head of research, sees a sunny outlook for crypto hedge funds. “Investing in a crypto hedge fund instead of directly in the market is going to be a more attractive option for many investors even if the returns are slightly lower, because using a vehicle run by seasoned management is probably safer than direct market participation. Investors don’t have to worry about custody, best execution and liquidity crunches,” she writes in the latest Crypto Long and Short newsletter. Subscribe here to get it in your inbox.

Podcast corner

Asteroid Mining?
On Long Reads Sunday, Nathaniel Whittemore asks the question: Is asteroid mining really our best argument for bitcoin over gold? 

Who won #CryptoTwitter? Related Stories

• Blockchain Bites: Ripple’s Rebuff, DeFi’s ‘Degens’ and China’s CBDC
• Blockchain Bites: Coinbase’s Loans, Ethereum’s Fees, YAM’s Bug

Singapore-based crypto exchange Huobi has launched a new consortium with MakerDAO and Compound to promote decentralized finance (DeFi).

• Announced Monday, the Huobi initiative, dubbed the Global DeFi Alliance, is an international collection of DeFi service providers and platforms.
• The consortium has also been set up in conjunction with DeFi price oracle network Nest and decentralized margin and derivatives exchange dYdX, bringing the total members to five.
• The alliance’s aim is to promote DeFi research and development, establish universal protocol standards and facilitate cross-border collaboration between Asia and Europe as well as the U.S.
• Huobi’s chief investment officer, Sharlyn Wu, said DeFi in crypto marked the “first attempt in human history” to build a modern financial system void of credit risk.
• Wu also said more work needs to be done to fill “gaps” between centralized financial institutions as well as uniting the various communities across Asia and the western world.
• The sharing of standards is an opportunity to create “fair, efficient, transparent, safe and globally accessible financial markets,” said Compound founder Robert Leshner.
• Leshner also said sharing standards and best practices can help the industry design ready-made products for mainstream adoption.
• In the months ahead, founding members of the alliance hope to admit more players to its consortium including wallets, protocols, security companies, investment firms among others.

See also: Huobi Hires Former Banking Giant Executive to Lead New DeFi Fund

Related Stories

• Grayscale’s Bitcoin Cash and Litecoin Trusts Begin Trading Publicly
• ING Bank, Rolls Royce Join Alliance to Promote Blockchain Education
• Bitcoin Price Holds Below $12K Even as Hashrate Hits All-Time High
• Pantera Tells SEC Its Crypto Fund Has Raised Nearly $165M

Blockchain venture capital firm SpiceVC announced Monday that Coinbase Custody has agreed to serve as its digital asset custodian for the firm’s Spice token. 

• In a press announcement emailed to CoinDesk, the venture capital firm said the partnership with Coinbase will help investors reliably store and withdraw their Spice tokens. 
  
• Some of the firms in which SPiCE VC has invested include Bakkt, INX and Lottery.com.
  
• In a recent announcement, Coinbase said it’s going to offer bitcoin-backed loans to customers in the United States. Capped at $20,000 per customer, the bitcoin-backed loans carry an interest rate of 8 percent for a repayment period of a year or less. 

Related Stories

• Sequoia-Backed Band Protocol Token Starts Trading on Coinbase
• Coinbase to Offer Bitcoin-Backed Loans to US Customers
• Appeals Court Backs Coinbase in Bitcoin Gold Fork ‘Breach of Contract’ Lawsuit
• Coinbase Exits Industry Lobbying Group in Protest Over Recent Unspecified ‘Decisions’

Price Point

Bitcoin was mostly subdued over the weekend, staying in its recent range between $11,000 and $12,000. Ether, trading around $430, is looking to extend a run of four straight weeks of gains during which prices have nearly doubled. 

In traditional markets, U.S. equity futures and European stocks advanced after China’s central bank pumped about $100 billion into the country’s banking system.

You’re reading First Mover, CoinDesk’s daily markets newsletter. Assembled by the CoinDesk Markets Team, First Mover starts your day with the most up-to-date sentiment around crypto markets, which of course never close, putting in context every wild swing in bitcoin and more. We follow the money so you don’t have to. You can subscribe here.

Market Moves

Related: Litecoin Gets Bullish Speculation, at Last, as Upgrade Approaches

Hope Springs Eternal for Underperforming Litecoin as Mimblewimble Nears – By Omkar Godbole

The cryptocurrency litecoin (LTC) is often referred to as the silver to bitcoin’s gold. This year, litecoin investors would have been better off staying in the analog world: While bitcoin (BTC) has gained twice as much as gold, litecoin has only recently caught up with silver.

Some investors now foresee a rally developing in litecoin prices, with a key upgrade looming and signs that activity is increasing on the  blockchain network.

The upgrade is to add a “privacy protocol” known as Mimblewimble, which is supposed to help shield the identities of holders of senders and recipients of litecoin tokens while also improving the network’s processing capacity. A testnet of Mimblewimble, in the works for almost a year, is targeted for implementation by the end of September. 

Related: Market Wrap: Bitcoin Bounces to $11.8K as Ether Option Traders Go Bearish

And based on market data, it appears the looming addition is generating enthusiasm among users: Daily confirmed transactions on litecoin’s blockchain has more than doubled this year, reaching a 7-day average of 48,948 last week, the highest since February 2018, according to data source Glassnode. 

Litecoin backers hope the token’s added privacy features from the Mimblewimble upgrade will help attract users who otherwise might gravitate toward existing privacy coins like monero (XMR) and zcash (ZEC). Those tokens come with their own risks, such as the potential for holders to get diluted by new issuance. 

The speculation is the upgrade could help litecoin, which has gained about 50% this year to $63, catch up with bitcoin’s 64% increase. 

“Litecoin’s upcoming Mimblewimble upgrade has led to a spike in transactions and active addresses,” said Matthew Dibb, co-founder of Stack, a provider of cryptocurrency trackers and index futures. 

For a longer version of this article online, click here. 

Bitcoin Watch

Although bitcoin appears stuck in a narrowing price range, investor interest in futures on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), a sign of increased institutional demand, continues to grow. 

Open interest on the CME, or the number of outstanding contracts, rose to a fresh record high of $864 million on Friday, topping last week’s record of $841 million, according to data source Skew. The CME has recently climbed in the ranks to become the third-largest bitcoin futures exchange by open interest. 

Growth in futures trading volume, however, has stalled over the past two weeks, which might actually be bullish: A combination of rising open interest and low volumes usually indicates investors are holding on to their positions. Typically when that happens, the market continues its prior trajectory, which in this case was up.  

So bitcoin could break out of the current price-consolidation pattern, represented by an ascending triangle on the daily chart, with a convincing move above $12,000. That breakout, if confirmed, would imply a continuation of the rally from July lows below $9,000 and open the doors for stronger gains. At press time, bitcoin is changing hands at $11,870 on major exchanges. 

– Omkar Godbole, Markets Reporter

Token Watch

Ether (ETH) futures hit new record – Investor interest in ether futures and options hit a new peak on Friday as the cryptocurrency’s price rose to 25-month highs. Open interest in futures or total value of outstanding contracts rose to a record high of $1.73 billion on Friday, according to data source Skew. Prices for the token have more than tripled this year to about $430. 

Chainlink (LINK) developers taking profits? – According to the website Trustnodes, Chainlink developers have sold some $40 million of link tokens this month. Trustnodes, citing its own analysis, said about 500,000 of the link tokens are getting sent every week to the cryptocurrency exchange Binance and other venues . The “oracle” token has become a darling in cryptocurrency markets in 2020 because of its perceived potential for fast-growing “decentralized finance” trading and lending systems. The token is up 10-fold this year, the top performance by far among digital assets with a market value of at least $1 billion. 

Curve (CRV) debuts early in another nutty DeFi moment – After the frenzy earlier this week in Compound’s COMP tokens and last week’s madness in YAM tokens, it’s anybody’s guess how the newest token from decentralized finance, or DeFi, will perform in its early days. In this case, the nuttiness has already begun: According to CoinDesk’s Colin Harper, an anonymous DeFi user late last week deployed Curve Finance’s Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) and token smart contracts without the team’s permission . Following the deployment, Curve Finance tweeted it had “no choice but to adopt it,” saying in another tweet it appears “to be an acceptable deployment with the correct code.” Here’s what trading in the token looks like so far, per CoinGecko:

Tweet of the day What’s Hot

Bitcoins Are Being Tokenized Faster Than They’re Mined as DeFi Craze Continues (CoinDesk)
Since Sunday, 1,043 more bitcoins were tokenized through Wrapped Bitcoin than produced by bitcoin miners, as the Ethereum-based decentralized finance (DeFi) boom shows no signs of abating.

Enterprises Would Use DeFi, if It Weren’t so Public (Coindesk)
Decentralized finance is taking off, but few large companies are venturing into the space in pursuit of use cases.

Money That Rots Like Potatoes, Money That Rusts Like Iron, Hot Money And CBDCs (Forbes)
The concept of money with an expiry date to stimulate a flagging economy is not new, however, central bank digital currencies can also facilitate that role in a time of crisis.

As Traditional Economies Freeze, NFTs and DeFi Show Promise (Hacker Noon)
This year’s recession is one of the deepest on record. Could Non-fungible tokens and decentralized finance lead the way forward?

– Sebastian Sinclair, Reporter

Related Stories

• Newest DAO Project Was Thrown a Curve, but the Team Is Rolling With It Anyway
• Money Reimagined: How a Dangerous Idea Could Work

Banking giant ING Bank and luxury car and aerospace firm Rolls Royce are two of the household names joining an initiative to better promote blockchain education and research.

• Blockchain accelerator MouseBelt said Monday both Rolls Royce and ING, as well as Belgium brewer Anheuser-Busch InBev and margin-first trading platform Multi.io, have joined its Blockchain Education Alliance.
• The alliance brings industry figures, both from within and outside of the digital asset space, together to train and support student developers interested in building their own projects.
• Launched in October 2019, the initiative also tries to link corporate blockchain projects with researchers, students and new protocols.
• Mastercard, Stellar and the incubator arms of Binance and Ripple are some of the other companies that are part of the Blockchain Education Alliance.
• MouseBelt’s head of education, Ashlie Meredith, said many students will not return to university campuses this year because of the pandemic, meaning jobs and internships were of the “utmost importance.”

See also: IBM Takes 7% Stake in Trade Finance Blockchain Network We.Trade

Related Stories

• Huobi Launches Consortium of DeFi Providers and Platforms With MakerDAO, Compound
• Bitcoin Price Holds Below $12K Even as Hashrate Hits All-Time High
• Pantera Tells SEC Its Crypto Fund Has Raised Nearly $165M
• Newest DAO Project Was Thrown a Curve, but the Team Is Rolling With It Anyway

Bitcoin remains in consolidation below a critical resistance despite hashrate reaching record highs over the weekend. 

• Data from Glassnode shows the seven-day average for bitcoin’s hashrate – the computing power dedicated to mining blocks – rose to a record high of 129.03 tera hashes per second (TH/s) over the weekend.
• Bitcoin’s July rally has stalled near $12,000, making the psychological level a resistance to beat for the bulls. It was sidelining near $11,900 at press time.
• But some argue that an increasing hashrate is a bullish price signal.
• Earlier this year, Jeremy Britton, CEO of Boston Trading Co. told Finance Magnates rising hashrate forced miners to hoard rather than sell newly mined coins, reducing downwards pressure and raising the price floor.

• But price increases don’t always follow from higher hashrates, according to Philip Gradwell, an economist at the blockchain intelligence firm Chainalysis.
• “Miners may be better at predicting the future price, but that doesn’t really cause the prices to go up,” Gradwell told CoinDesk in a Telegram chat on Monday.
• A direct correlation between the hash rate and the price has not been seen before – bitcoin's price fell 30% in the second half of 2019 even though the hashrate rose 64% to 97 TH/s.
• Stack Fund co-founder and COO Matthew Dibb told CoinDesk miners may be scaling up their capacity, ergo hashrate, in anticipation of a rising bitcoin price, but didn’t think there was actually an established causal link between the two.

Also read: Marathon Signs New $23M Contract With Bitmain for 10,500 Bitcoin Mining Rigs

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• Litecoin Gets Bullish Speculation, at Last, as Upgrade Approaches
• Pantera Tells SEC Its Crypto Fund Has Raised Nearly $165M

The cryptocurrency litecoin is often referred to as the silver to bitcoin’s gold. This year, litecoin investors might have been better off staying in the analog world: While bitcoin has gained twice as much as gold, litecoin has barely kept up with silver.

Some investors now foresee a rally developing in litecoin prices, with a key upgrade looming and signs that activity is increasing on the blockchain network.

The upgrade will put in effect a “privacy protocol” known as Mimblewimble, which is supposed to help shield the identities of holders of senders and recipients of litecoin tokens while also improving the network’s ability to scale to handle more transactions. A testnet of Mimblewimble, in the works for almost a year, is targeted for the end of September.

Related: First Mover: Litecoin and Mimblewimble, Ether Futures, Chainlink, Curve

And based on market data, it appears the looming addition is generating enthusiasm among users: Daily confirmed transactions on litecoin’s blockchain has more than doubled this year, reaching a seven-day average of 48,948 last week, the highest since February 2018, according to data source Glassnode. 

Litecoin backers hope the token’s added privacy features from the Mimblewimble upgrade will help attract users who otherwise might gravitate toward existing privacy coins like monero (XMR) and zcash (ZEC). Those tokens come with their own risks, such as the potential for holders to get diluted by new issuance. 

The speculation is the upgrade could help litecoin, which has gained about 50% this year to $63, catch up with bitcoin’s 64% increase. 

“Litecoin’s upcoming Mimblewimble upgrade has led to a spike in transactions and active addresses,” said Matthew Dibb, co-founder of Stack, a provider of cryptocurrency trackers and index futures.

Related: Bitcoin Price Holds Below $12K Even as Hashrate Hits All-Time High

Litecoin’s facility for handling a large number of transactions at any given moment is supposed to increase with the upgrade, helping to solve “scalability” concerns that had deterred some users and investors, according to Nicholas Pelecanos, head of trading at NEM Ventures, a cryptocurrency investment firm. 

“In 2017, a huge bottleneck for development in the blockchain space was scaling,” Pelecanos said. “The issue will now be solved with protocol upgrades due across the majority of leading protocols, leaving valuations at lifetime highs.”

The litecoin network’s processing speed has doubled this year to about one transaction every two seconds. But that’s still far slower than the Bitcoin blockchain, which can handle about 3.7 transactions every second. The upcoming protocol upgrade could further boost transaction capacity.

One concern with the added privacy features is that it’s not yet clear how they’ll sit with regulators. Coinbase UK delisted zcash last year, likely due to pressure from financial watchdogs. South Korean exchange Upbit delisted privacy coins monero, dash and zcash in 2019.

“There’s some stigma against privacy coins, and some exchanges have delisted them,” Litecoin founder Charlie Lee told CoinDesk in a recent interview. “But from what I can tell, the exchanges are OK with this litecoin privacy upgrade as an extension block because it’s kind of on the side. The exchanges don’t have to support the extension block side of things.”

David Schwartz, project director at Litecoin Foundation, a non-profit organization that sponsors development on the blockchain, wrote on Twitter earlier this month that he thought the cryptocurrency was undervalued.

“Its average usage has doubled since the start of the last bull run & is gaining steam,” he tweeted. “So much so, that transactions have outpaced historical price, which means price is not showing its true value.”

There’s some skepticism, of course. Crypto markets are notoriously speculative.

“The recent pickup may be attributable to the upcoming upgrade,” says Connor Abendschein, research analyst at Digital Assets Data, but “greater bullish sentiment across the entire crypto market has driven prices of most assets higher over the past few months.”

“As the upgrade draws closer, we will see whether litecoin is just rising bitcoin’s coattails, or if it can find some legs and run on its course,” Abendschein said.

Correction (12:50 UTC, Aug. 17, 2020): An earlier version erroneously quoted Nicholas Pelecanos as saying that LTC’s network faced bottlenecks in 2017. This has been corrected.

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Institutions and the well-heeled have poured millions of dollars into a Pantera Capital fund, helping it more than double in size since it launched in 2018.

• The Pantera Venture Fund III has received $164.7 million in private placements from just under 200 investors, according to a Form D filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Friday.
• That’s nearly $60 million more than at the date of its last filing in 2019 and well over $93 million – double – what the fund had two years from when it first filed with the U.S. markets watchdog.
• Pantera declined to disclose the fund’s revenue.
• A Form D exempts offerings directed at accredited investors from registering with the SEC
• Asset manager New York Digital Investments Group (NYDIG) has used this exemption for the three crypto funds it has launched just this year.
• But Pantera’s filing, this year’s as well as in previous years, has claimed a 3(c)7 exemption, meaning its offering is aimed at the higher-tiered qualified purchasers, or those with at least $5 million in investments.
• Pantera had originally hoped to raise $175 million for Venture Fund III and said in March last year it had crossed the $160 million milestone.
• Per a blog post, Pantera disclosed it had primarily invested in infrastructure, finance and exchanges in the digital asset space.
• One of its first investments was the institutional derivatives exchange Bakkt.

See also: Crypto Long & Short: The Surprisingly Sunny Outlook for Crypto Hedge Funds

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• Newest DAO Project Was Thrown a Curve, but the Team Is Rolling With It Anyway

One of the quietest yet best-funded bitcoin companies in the world is gearing up to enter the 2020 decentralized finance (DeFi) bull run. 

In July the DG Lab conglomerate, which like Ethereum powerhouse ConsenSys includes both an investment arm and an adjacent software company, open sourced its proposal for self-sovereign derivatives trading on the Bitcoin blockchain, using the Lightning Network. 

These contracts turn bitcoin, the asset itself, into programmable money capable of a wider variety of functions. 

Related: Bitcoin Surges Past $12,000 to New 2020 High

This offers a stark contrast to the typical DeFi approach so far, which relies on “wrapped” representations of bitcoin or exchange platforms. The Silicon Valley startup cLabs recently acquired DeFi firm Summa, which spearheaded the bitcoin-on-Ethereum approach. Now it looks as though DG Lab, founded in 2015, is the leading incumbent exploring DeFi opportunities for Bitcoin. 

Read more: These Bitcoin Users Want DAI and DeFi – Here’s How They Plan to Get It

“I’ve been working on a proposal to integrate DLC [Discreet Log Contracts] and channels into the Lightning Network,” DG Lab researcher Ichiro Kuwahara said of his recent work. “We can establish many contracts without broadcasting transactions on the blockchain.”

This software uses the Lightning Network to execute business logic without clogging up the base-layer blockchain. The hottest trend among Bitcoin veterans these days is imagining DeFi functionality applied to the bitcoin currency through such layers. There are many opinions on how to approach this opportunity, from DLC to soft forks.

Competition

Related: Huobi Launches Consortium of DeFi Providers and Platforms With MakerDAO, Compound

Not everyone agrees on how to use Lightning for smart contracts. 

Bitcoin veteran Jeremy Rubin, who launched his Judica startup this summer, believes Blockstream’s Liquid Network, which companies like Crypto Garage use to experiment with such smart contracts, overcomplicates the construction. 

“I think we can do it much simpler. … It’s solvable on-chain but can be done in [Lightning] channels as well,” Rubin said in an interview, explaining how his proposed Bitcoin soft fork could optimize the base layer for smart contracts. “I can construct this contract, which is a derivative, without you being online. I can make a valid contract then email it to you.”

Read more: This New Coding Language Could Help Unlock Bitcoin’s Smart Contract Potential

These days, both ends of a Lightning transaction need to participate at roughly the same time for the payment to go through. (Or, at least, both need to set everything up in advance.) Rubin is arguing there’s a way to make it so one party can execute a consensual transaction. Public keys allow the other party to see, whenever they come online, proof of everything about the deal.

“It’s this notion of flow and conditionality that doesn’t currently exist in Bitcoin,” Rubin said. “[These 2020 DeFi projects] are about helping define commutes … a sequence of steps that can happen based on choices along the way.”

There are enough engineers working on DeFi options for Bitcoin that one of them might technically work, even if socially it doesn’t catch on. Only time will tell which ones find product market fit, and how that may or may not spur crypto adoption.

Japanese bulls

Stepping back, the DeFi bulls at DG Lab Fund raised over $93 million in 2019 and, according to the firm’s blog post, are raising a second fund in 2020. 

The fund invested in DG Lab, the separate namesake startup, which simultaneously attracted investors from Japanese enterprises including the e-commerce giant Kakaku.com and the telecommunications provider KDDI. Meanwhile, the DG Lab Fund itself invested in River Financial, Arwen, Blockstream and Curv, to name a few, in addition to startups in adjacent sectors such as AI and security. 

Read more: Polychain Capital, Square Crypto’s Steve Lee Invest in Bitcoin Broker’s $5.7M Seed Round

“We have several startups that are working with DLC. For example, Suredbits is one of the key players in this field and we are working closely with them,” said Shunichi Kimuro, senior manager at DG Lab Fund. “We wanted to show what is possible using the Bitcoin protocol by using our peer-to-peer [P2P] derivatives.”

Yet another startup called Crypto Garage, in which DG Fund did not invest directly, is using Blockstream’s Liquid technology to explore this type of smart-contract software.  

Read more: Custody Startup Curv Follows Crypto Demand Into Asia With New Hong Kong Office

“You define the outcomes of your contracts and create a transaction for each of the outcomes. And it can only be unlocked with one of the outcome transactions or with mutual agreement between the contract participants,” Crypto Garage engineer Thibaut Le Guilly said in an interview. 

Rubin pointed out that even if he disagrees with Le Guilly on certain aspects these Bitcoin projects have much more in common with each other than with Ethereum DeFi projects.

Different goals

“There’s a really big gap between DeFi, as Ethereum is trying to do it, and P2P finance,” Rubin said. “Uniswap is really great. But they tokenize their liquidity pools. … We [Bitcoiners] are talking about finding a way for people to work directly with each other.”

Bitcoin DeFi projects aren’t using representatives of bitcoin, they want to enable traders to do tasks directly with bitcoin.

“There are about 20 people in the Bitcoin community working on tools, applications and specifications for [Discreet Log Contracts], including at SuredBits,” Le Guilly said in an interview. “[Traders] don’t have to involve an exchange.”

It appears as though Ethereum DeFi advocates offer a different interpretation of decentralization than their node-obsessed Bitcoiner brethren. Bitcoin advocates are focused on every user being able to participate in the network by running their own full financial stack, while Ethereum fans are more focused on the ability to offer their services from any data center around the world.

Bison Trails CEO Joe Lallouz said his infrastructure startup can easily move accounts across borders, thanks in part to a distributed team. This, from his perspective, is a slightly decentralized step away from Silicon Valley norms. 

Read more: Token Sales Are Back in 2020

“If Amazon said you can’t run nodes, for example, we can very quickly and seamlessly move our infrastructure to other cloud providers,” Lallouz said. “Everyone at the same time would have to say the blockchain network is something we don’t support [to censor our customers] across the internet.” 

While Ethereum DeFi experiments attract quick flashes of capital, losing considerable sums as advocates iterate, Bitcoin DeFi experiments seem comparatively modest. Yet, veterans know not to underestimate the Bitcoin development scene in Tokyo, home to the creators of self-sovereignty experiments including BTCPay and DG Lab. This period may just be the calm before a perfect storm. 

“Once there are enough people to create a real market, we might offer services or tools we can monetize,” Crypto Garage’s Le Guilly said. “At this stage, our goal is to raise awareness about what can be done with Bitcoin.”

Related Stories

• Bitcoin Price Holds Below $12K Even as Hashrate Hits All-Time High
• Ex-Prudential Securities CEO Calls Bitcoin a ‘Safe Haven’

One of the quietest yet best-funded bitcoin companies in the world is gearing up to enter the 2020 decentralized finance (DeFi) bull run. 

In July the DG Lab conglomerate, which like Ethereum powerhouse ConsenSys includes both an investment arm and an adjacent software company, open sourced its proposal for self-sovereign derivatives trading on the Bitcoin blockchain, using the Lightning Network. 

These contracts turn bitcoin, the asset itself, into programmable money capable of a wider variety of functions. 

Related: Huobi Launches Consortium of DeFi Providers and Platforms With MakerDAO, Compound

This offers a stark contrast to the typical DeFi approach so far, which relies on “wrapped” representations of bitcoin or exchange platforms. The Silicon Valley startup cLabs recently acquired DeFi firm Summa, which spearheaded the bitcoin-on-Ethereum approach. Now it looks as though DG Lab, founded in 2015, is the leading incumbent exploring DeFi opportunities for Bitcoin. 

Read more: These Bitcoin Users Want DAI and DeFi – Here’s How They Plan to Get It

“I’ve been working on a proposal to integrate DLC [Discreet Log Contracts] and channels into the Lightning Network,” DG Lab researcher Ichiro Kuwahara said of his recent work. “We can establish many contracts without broadcasting transactions on the blockchain.”

This software uses the Lightning Network to execute business logic without clogging up the base-layer blockchain. The hottest trend among Bitcoin veterans these days is imagining DeFi functionality applied to the bitcoin currency through such layers. There are many opinions on how to approach this opportunity, from DLC to soft forks.

Competition

Related: Bitcoin Price Holds Below $12K Even as Hashrate Hits All-Time High

Not everyone agrees on how to use Lightning for smart contracts. 

Bitcoin veteran Jeremy Rubin, who launched his Judica startup this summer, believes Blockstream’s Liquid Network, which companies like Crypto Garage use to experiment with such smart contracts, overcomplicates the construction. 

“I think we can do it much simpler. … It’s solvable on-chain but can be done in [Lightning] channels as well,” Rubin said in an interview, explaining how his proposed Bitcoin soft fork could optimize the base layer for smart contracts. “I can construct this contract, which is a derivative, without you being online. I can make a valid contract then email it to you.”

Read more: This New Coding Language Could Help Unlock Bitcoin’s Smart Contract Potential

These days, both ends of a Lightning transaction need to participate at roughly the same time for the payment to go through. (Or, at least, both need to set everything up in advance.) Rubin is arguing there’s a way to make it so one party can execute a consensual transaction. Public keys allow the other party to see, whenever they come online, proof of everything about the deal.

“It’s this notion of flow and conditionality that doesn’t currently exist in Bitcoin,” Rubin said. “[These 2020 DeFi projects] are about helping define commutes … a sequence of steps that can happen based on choices along the way.”

There are enough engineers working on DeFi options for Bitcoin that one of them might technically work, even if socially it doesn’t catch on. Only time will tell which ones find product market fit, and how that may or may not spur crypto adoption.

Japanese bulls

Stepping back, the DeFi bulls at DG Lab Fund raised over $93 million in 2019 and, according to the firm’s blog post, are raising a second fund in 2020. 

The fund invested in DG Lab, the separate namesake startup, which simultaneously attracted investors from Japanese enterprises including the e-commerce giant Kakaku.com and the telecommunications provider KDDI. Meanwhile, the DG Lab Fund itself invested in River Financial, Arwen, Blockstream and Curv, to name a few, in addition to startups in adjacent sectors such as AI and security. 

Read more: Polychain Capital, Square Crypto’s Steve Lee Invest in Bitcoin Broker’s $5.7M Seed Round

“We have several startups that are working with DLC. For example, Suredbits is one of the key players in this field and we are working closely with them,” said Shunichi Kimuro, senior manager at DG Lab Fund. “We wanted to show what is possible using the Bitcoin protocol by using our peer-to-peer [P2P] derivatives.”

Yet another startup called Crypto Garage, in which DG Fund did not invest directly, is using Blockstream’s Liquid technology to explore this type of smart-contract software.  

Read more: Custody Startup Curv Follows Crypto Demand Into Asia With New Hong Kong Office

“You define the outcomes of your contracts and create a transaction for each of the outcomes. And it can only be unlocked with one of the outcome transactions or with mutual agreement between the contract participants,” Crypto Garage engineer Thibaut Le Guilly said in an interview. 

Rubin pointed out that even if he disagrees with Le Guilly on certain aspects these Bitcoin projects have much more in common with each other than with Ethereum DeFi projects.

Different goals

“There’s a really big gap between DeFi, as Ethereum is trying to do it, and P2P finance,” Rubin said. “Uniswap is really great. But they tokenize their liquidity pools. … We [Bitcoiners] are talking about finding a way for people to work directly with each other.”

Bitcoin DeFi projects aren’t using representatives of bitcoin, they want to enable traders to do tasks directly with bitcoin.

“There are about 20 people in the Bitcoin community working on tools, applications and specifications for [Discreet Log Contracts], including at SuredBits,” Le Guilly said in an interview. “[Traders] don’t have to involve an exchange.”

It appears as though Ethereum DeFi advocates offer a different interpretation of decentralization than their node-obsessed Bitcoiner brethren. Bitcoin advocates are focused on every user being able to participate in the network by running their own full financial stack, while Ethereum fans are more focused on the ability to offer their services from any data center around the world.

Bison Trails CEO Joe Lallouz said his infrastructure startup can easily move accounts across borders, thanks in part to a distributed team. This, from his perspective, is a slightly decentralized step away from Silicon Valley norms. 

Read more: Token Sales Are Back in 2020

“If Amazon said you can’t run nodes, for example, we can very quickly and seamlessly move our infrastructure to other cloud providers,” Lallouz said. “Everyone at the same time would have to say the blockchain network is something we don’t support [to censor our customers] across the internet.” 

While Ethereum DeFi experiments attract quick flashes of capital, losing considerable sums as advocates iterate, Bitcoin DeFi experiments seem comparatively modest. Yet, veterans know not to underestimate the Bitcoin development scene in Tokyo, home to the creators of self-sovereignty experiments including BTCPay and DG Lab. This period may just be the calm before a perfect storm. 

“Once there are enough people to create a real market, we might offer services or tools we can monetize,” Crypto Garage’s Le Guilly said. “At this stage, our goal is to raise awareness about what can be done with Bitcoin.”

Related Stories

• Ex-Prudential Securities CEO Calls Bitcoin a ‘Safe Haven’
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George Ball, the former chief executive officer of Prudential Securities and now CEO of Sanders Morris Harris, suggested bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies could be “a safe haven” for investors and traders as an alternative investment.

Ball, who claimed himself as a Bitcoin and blockchain opponent, said in an interview with Reuters on Aug. 14 that bitcoin or another cryptocurrency is “very attractive” both in the long term and short term and predicted more people will turn to the crypto market after the Labor Day.

“The government can’t stimulate the markets forever,” Ball said. “The liquidity flood will end. Sooner or later, the government’s got to start paying for some of these stimulus, for some of the deficits, for some of the well-deserved, very smart subsidies that it’s providing to people. Are they going to raise taxes that high? Or, if not, are they going to print money? If they print money, that debases the currency and probably even things like TIPS – Treasury inflation-protected securities – can be corrupted.” 

Related: Bitcoin Price Holds Below $12K Even as Hashrate Hits All-Time High

This would likely lead to very wealthy investors and traders to turn to bitcoin “or something like it as a staple,” he concluded, hinting that a growing interest in cryptocurrencies from high-net-worth investors.

Ball is not the first one who has noticed this investment trend in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic.

Mike Novogratz, chief executive of the digital-current firm Galaxy Digital, told Bloomberg TV back in April that he has observed new players including hedge funds and high-net-worth individuals have been buying cryptocurrencies amid the financial shakeup caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ball also stressed that seeking cryptocurrencies as an alternative investment is not for the purpose to find a tax refuge but “to have something that can’t be undermined by the government.”

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Investor interest in the ether (ETH) futures and options market hit a new peak on Friday as the cryptocurrency’s price rose to 25-month highs. 

• Open interest in futures or total value of outstanding contracts rose to a record high of $1.73 billion on Friday, according to data source Skew.
• The previous record high of $1.45 billion was reached on Aug. 5.
• The value of open positions in the options market also reached a record high of $454 million.
• ETH’s price jumped to a two-year high of $445 on Friday and is trading near $435 at press time, according to CoinDesk’s ether price index.

• Futures open interest has increased by nearly 300% this year.
• On July 22, ETH’s price broke out of a two-month price range of $210 to $250.
• Since then, ETH has rallied by 65% and the number of open positions in the futures market and options market has increased by 50% and 53%, respectively. 
• Increasing open interest is viewed as indicating money flowing into the marketplace.
• That rise in open interest combined with a price rally is usually taken to indicate there is solid support for the upward trend.
• ETH has established a foothold above the June 2019 high of $365, while bitcoin is yet to clear the high of $13,880 seen 13 months ago.
• The second-largest cryptocurrency by market value, ETH, has gained nearly 240% this year, powered by the exploding popularity in decentralized finance (DeFi), which runs on the Ethereum blockchain.
• “The DeFi boom looks to be powering gains in ether,” said John Ng Pangilinan, managing partner at Singapore-based Signum Capital.
• Right now, the options market is currently skewed bullish on ETH with calls (bullish bets) claiming higher prices than puts (bearish bets) on the one, three, and six-month time frames. In short, most of those placing bets on the future direction of ether think the cryptocurrency still has room to rise.
• In another sign of this belief, the futures market is in contango – a condition where futures price trades higher than the spot price. 
• Denis Vinokourov, head of research at the London-based digital asset firm Bequant, noted that the continued rise in ETH’s price is notable considering how the costs of executing transactions on Ethereum’s blockchain have recently gone nuclear.

Also read: Decentralized Finance Frenzy Drives Ethereum Transaction Fees to All-Time Highs

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• Market Wrap: Stuck at $11.5K, Bitcoin Surpasses 25K Locked in DeFi

Since Sunday, 1,043 more bitcoins were tokenized through Wrapped Bitcoin than were actually created by bitcoin miners as the Ethereum-based decentralized finance (DeFi) boom shows no signs of abating.

• About 900 bitcoins are mined per day, given the current issuance rate of 6.25 bitcoins minted per block and the target 10-minute block time.
• At last check, nearly 31,000 bitcoins have been tokenized on Ethereum, according to Dune Analytics, 75% of which were minted by Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC).
• Ethereum’s supply of tokenized bitcoins hovered below 3,000 until mid May when the rate of new tokens shot up.
• The rate of bitcoin tokenization signals the surging demand to use bitcoin in the burgeoning network of Ethereum-based DeFi applications.
• “WBTC continues to exhibit strong growth as demand for bitcoin in DeFi has exploded,” said Kyle Davies, co-founder of Three Arrows Capital, in a private message with CoinDesk. “I expect this trend to continue,” he added.

• In July, Three Arrows Capital minted its tokenized bitcoins through BitGo, the company that helped spearhead Wrapped Bitcoin in 2019.
• Within a year, WBTC will be a “first class asset” in the decentralized finance ecosystem, predicted Three Arrows co-founder Su Zhu, “just as USDC and USDT are now.”

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According to a recent lawsuit filed in the U.S. Western District Court of Texas, data center power management firm Lancium has accused bitcoin mining firm Layer1 of infringing upon its patented technology to adjust power usage in bitcoin mining facilities. 

Backed by investors including PayPal co-founder Peter Theil and the Digital Currency Group, CoinDesk’s parent company, Layer1 currently operates bitcoin mining facilities in West Texas. 

• According to Lancium’s filed complaint, Layer1’s “demand-response” model that allows the firm to shut down mining operations and redirect power to the grid during high demand violates the firm’s patent. 
  
• Granted in March of this year, Lancium holds a patent on technology to help adjust power consumption at “flexible” data centers that kick into action when there is low demand for power, hence making it cheaper, and shut down when there is a spike.
  
• According to exhibits attached with Lancium’s filed complaint, the firm tried to alert Layer1 of this possible infringement in May 2020 but received no response from the mining firm.
  
• In its filed complaint, Lancium argues it should receive damages commensurate with willful infringement of the firm’s patent and a permanent injunction should be granted to prevent any further violation by Layer1 or any of its employees.
  
• Layer1 did not respond to a request for comment on the lawsuit by press time.

Read more: Peter Thiel Backs $200 Million Valuation for Renewable Bitcoin Mining in the US

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• Riot Blockchain Ends Week Up 29%, Hits 2020 High Ahead of Q2 Earnings Report

According to a recent lawsuit filed in the Western District Court of Texas, data center power management firm Lancium has accused bitcoin mining firm Layer1 of infringing upon its patented technology to adjust power usage in bitcoin mining facilities. 

Backed by investors like PayPal Co-founder Peter Theil and the Digital Currency Group, CoinDesk’s parent company, Layer1 currently operates bitcoin mining facilities in West Texas. 

• According to Lancium’s filed complaint, Layer1’s “demand-response” model which allows the firm to shut down mining operations and redirect power to the grid during high demand violates the firm’s patent. 
  
• Granted earlier in March this year, Lancium holds a patent on technology to help adjust power consumption at “flexible” data centers that kick into action when there is low demand for power, hence making it cheaper, and shut down when there is a spike.
  
• According to exhibits attached with Lancium’s filed complaint, the firm tried to alert Layer1 of this possible infringement in May this year but received no response from the mining firm.
  
• In its filed complaint, Lancium argues it should receive damages commensurate with wilful infringement of the firm’s patent and a permanent injunction should be granted to prevent any further violation by Layer1 or any of its employees.
  
• Layer1 did not respond to a request for comment on the lawsuit by press time.

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• Riot Blockchain Mined 227 Bitcoin in Q2
• Mining Stocks Are Beating Bitcoin in a Bullish Cryptocurrency Market
• Riot Blockchain Ends Week Up 29%, Hits 2020 High Ahead of Q2 Earnings Report