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A Crypto Derivatives Exchange Is Getting a Nasdaq Listing in Q3

6 years 2 months ago

Newly launched derivatives platform EQUOS.io is set to become the United States’ first publicly-traded crypto exchange later this year through a “backdoor listing” on the Nasdaq.

Hong Kong-based Diginex announced Thursday it is combining EQUOS.io with Singapore’s 8i Enterprises Acquisition Corp – a special-purpose acquisition company (SPAC) listed on the Nasdaq.

SPACs are shell companies that use funds from their initial public offerings (IPOs) to acquire target companies, bringing them public through the “backdoor.” Around since the 1990s, they’ve experienced something of a renaissance in recent years, with the total amount raised hitting a record $13.6 billion in 2019 – more than four times the $3.2 billion in 2016.

Related: Bitcoin’s Latest Rally May Have Staying Power, Exchange Flows Suggest

Diginex CEO Richard Byworth told CoinDesk that SPACs were faster and cheaper than traditional listings. In addition, they fix valuations in advance, avoiding the possibility of WeWork-like devaluations at the last minute, he noted.

EQUOS.io will be the first publicly-traded cryptocurrency exchange in the U.S. once the acquisition is completed in September, Byworth said.

Newly launched, EQUOS.io is an institutional-oriented exchange with a team from the traditional derivatives space. The ambition is to expand the still-nascent crypto derivatives scene to hundreds of times the size of the spot market – just like traditional markets.

See also: First Mover: Crypto’s $35T Moment Could Come From Analog-World Stock Listings

Related: Fireblocks Claims Exchange Program Enables Zero-Confirmation Crypto Deposits

Diginex had planned to move ahead with the listing much earlier. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved the acquisition back in late February with a shareholder vote confirming the deal planned for March 20, around the time global equity markets were in a tailspin.

“If you remember, that was the day when the S&P 500 was down 12.5%,” Byworth said, “so the conclusion was probably not the best day to go to market.”

EQUOS.io isn’t the only crypto company heading to the public market. Ant Group, one of the principal issuers for China’s digital yuan, announced a dual listing in Hong Kong and Shanghai earlier this month. Crypto exchange Coinbase is also said to be considering a direct listing for 2021.

Chinese mining chip manufacturer Canaan Creative held a $100 million IPO in November 2019. Since listing, its share price has fallen by two-thirds, from $9 to $3 at press time.

After filing again with the SEC and being re-approved in June, everything is now set for the Nasdaq listing. Although U.S. citizens will be able to purchase shares in EQUOS.io, Byworth said that the exchange itself will not actually operate in the country.

See also: Israel’s Stock Exchange Says It Is Launching a Blockchain Platform for Securities Lending

So why list on the Nasdaq? CoinDesk asked.

“The Nasdaq listing is more about the credibility and trust,” Byworth said, adding that it remains the foremost stock exchange for tech stocks anywhere in the world.

With the bull run in tech stocks showing no signs of slowing and that the company will become one of the very first cryptocurrency firms to trade on the Nasdaq, Diginex has a compelling investment case for its derivatives exchange, he said.

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CoinDesk

Scammers Are Forging CoinDesk Emails – Here’s How to Protect Yourself

6 years 2 months ago

One of the most unfortunate aspects of the crypto space is its tendency to attract scams. The world bore witness to this in early July when one of the boldest hacks in Internet history – the hijacking of several prominent Twitter accounts, including those of presidential candidate Joe Biden as well as tech titans Bill Gates and Jeff Bezos – turned out to be a ruse to harvest some bitcoin.

CoinDesk was one of the hijacked accounts, too (our handle is all better now, thanks), and it was far from the first time our brand was exploited by crooks looking to make a quick buck. Nor has it been the last. 

Previously, scammers impersonated CoinDesk reporters on Telegram and other networks, typically promising coverage in exchange for payment (something we would never do).

Related: YouTube Seeks to Dismiss Ripple Lawsuit Over XRP Giveaway Scams

Now, some enterprising hoodlums have taken their tricks to a new level. 

Over the past few weeks, CoinDesk has seen evidence scammers are copying our newsletters in their entirety, adding a malicious link at the top and changing the subject line to emphasize that link. They then send the email to a list of active and perhaps crypto-curious email addresses likely acquired from privacy-ignoring data brokers or the dark web, completing the phishing scheme.

This is maddening to both us and the victims, since often they never signed up for the mailings in the first place. When they attempt to unsubscribe from the email, they’re either taken to a link that doesn’t work or worse – pulled into the phisher’s trap yet again.

A telltale sign

Admittedly, it can be hard to tell the difference between one of our legit newsletters and one of these phishing copies. The fonts are wrong – but if you’ve never subscribed, how would you know?

Related: Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Sues YouTube Over Bitcoin Giveaway Scams

There is a giveaway but you need to be paying attention: The malicious link is always in a short “news” item that comes right after the byline, usually touting a company you’ve never heard of.

None of our newsletters begin this way, so if you see one of these, flag it right away by forwarding the email to fraud@coindesk.com.

Compare one fake email we were forwarded…

…to the genuine article:

Rest assured we’re working to identify these scammers so they pay for their crimes (and they are crimes) as well as upgrading our newsletter experiences to improve security.

In the meantime, be sure to practice good inbox management: Be wary of suspicious-looking links; block or filter senders instead of clicking on unsubscribe buttons; and remember, absolutely no one is going to send you back double your bitcoin. Not even your mom.

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CoinDesk

Market Wrap: Bitcoin Sticks to $11,000; Derivatives, DeFi Keep Growing

6 years 2 months ago

Bitcoin, crypto derivatives and DeFi continue to be hot in late July.

  • Bitcoin (BTC) trading around $11,236 as of 20:00 UTC (4 p.m. ET). Gaining 2% over the previous 24 hours.
  • Bitcoin’s 24-hour range: $10,844-$11,312
  • BTC above 10-day and 50-day moving averages, a bullish signal for market technicians.

Just one week ago, bitcoin’s price hit an intraday high of $9,568 in a low-volume environment. This week’s action, fueled by increased exchange volumes, has traders excited at the thought a long-term bull market may be back. As much as $446 million in trades were done on Coinbase Monday. 

Read More: Bitcoin Looks Overbought but Analysts Play Down Drop Fears

Related: Federal Reserve Keeps Rates Close to Zero, Continues Buying Treasurys

“The market has clearly jumped to a bullish stance,” said Vishal Shah, and options trader and founder of derivatives exchange Alpha5. “Volatility is higher and we’re now looking at the previous resistance of $10,550 as our new support region.”

Some analysts say the move to $11,000 is just the start of the world’s oldest currency continuing on a price tear upward. “We do not see the move to $11,000 as significant and we are anticipating far higher valuations,” said George Clayton, managing partner of Cryptanalysis Capital. 

Clayton noted the European Union passed a €570 billion stimulus measure, and a U.S. package in the works that could provide $1 trillion in new spending should an agreement between President Trump and Congress be reached. “These actions amount to rampant fiat currency debasement. The move in crypto is just beginning,” he added. 

The crypto derivatives market is heating up again too, Shah added. “What’s most interesting to me is that CME volumes have been very strong the last two days.” Indeed, CME options volume has picked up significantly during a July that had previously been bereft of action; open interest is now well over $250 million.

Related: DeFi Lender Aave Rolls Out Governance Token on Path to Decentralization

Andrew Tu, an executive at quantitative trading firm Efficient Frontier, cautions the performance of equities plays a bigger role in the cryptocurrency markets than many might realize, especially if stocks take a dive. “A correction in traditional markets due to deteriorating fundamentals could also cause pullbacks in the crypto world,” Tu noted. 

Read More: MIT Lightning Creator Unveils First ‘Demonstration’ of Bitcoin Scaling Tech

Balancer user count up 140% in July

Ether (ETH), the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, was up Wednesday, trading around $322 and climbing 1% in 24 hours as of 20:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. ET). 

Read More: How the EEA Made Ethereum Palatable to Big Business

At the start of July, the total user count on the Balancer exchange was 7,184, according to data aggregator Dune Analytics. The number has swelled 140%, to 17,438 since then for the Ethereum-based DeFi project. “Balancer made an excellent product that allows you to create your own ETF and not pay a rebalancing commission and actually receive commissions for trading,” said Azamat Malaev, co-founder of HodlTree, a new DeFi protocol for interest-yielding tokens.

Malaev also noted Balancer’s BAL token distribution and staking returns as another factor contributing to July’s growth, even though the token’s performance slipped 25% over the past 30 days, according to CoinGecko. “Balancer uses the Compound model in distributing their tokens. Now the percentages are lower, about 30% per annum, but also very attractive.”

Read More: Why DeFi on Ethereum Is Like Algorithmic Trading in the ‘90s

Other markets

Digital assets on the CoinDesk 20 are mixed Wednesday. Notable winners as of 20:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. ET): 

  • iota (IOTA) + 6.1%
  • xrp (XRP) + 5.5%
  • dash (DASH) + 3.6%

Read More: Proof-of-Stake Chains Team Up to Prove DeFi Is Bigger Than Ethereum

Notable losers as of 20:00 UTC (4:00 p.m. ET):

Read More: Digital Yen Now ‘Top Priority’ for Japan Central Bank, Says Senior Official

Equities:

Read More: Crypto Traders ‘Greedy’ as Goldman Warns on Dollar

Commodities:

  • Gold is up 0.60% at $1,969 as of press time.
  • Oil is up 0.33%. Price per barrel of West Texas Intermediate crude: $41.24

Read More: Crypto Wallet Maker Ledger Loses 1M Email Addresses in Data Theft

Treasurys:

  • U.S. Treasury bonds were mixed Wednesday. Yields, which move in the opposite direction as price, were down most on the two-year, in the red 13%.

Read More: What Crypto Lender Celsius Isn’t Telling Its Depositors

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CoinDesk

Recent Bitcoin Rally Pushes ‘Addresses in Profit’ to 93%

6 years 2 months ago

About 93% of all bitcoin address balances are estimated to be in the black, according to Glassnode, as bitcoin continues to trade above $11,000.

  • “Addresses in profit” measures balances of assets transferred into a wallet at an average price lower than the current price. In other words, their value has gone up, creating a profit, at least on paper.
  • Balances in profit are up 29 percentage points from the 72% mark recorded on July 20.
  • More than 90% of bitcoin addresses were last in profit through July and August 2019 when bitcoin traded around $11,500, a local top for the leading cryptocurrency.
  • The 11-month high for in-profit addresses comes amid bitcoin’s rally to $11,400 and follows steady long-term accumulation by investors at lower prices, with fewer than 40% of all bitcoins having been moved in the past year. 
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CoinDesk

Bitcoin Scaling Tech Could Have Saved Companies and Users $500M in Fees: Report

6 years 2 months ago

A new study from Bitcoin startup Veriphi finds companies and users sending bitcoin transactions could have saved more than half a billion dollars in fees if all companies, including wallets and exchanges, had used the most up-to-date technology.

Each bitcoin transaction has an optional fee tacked on. Users have the ability to choose the amount of this fee. If the Bitcoin blockchain is particularly busy, seeing too many transactions at once, a higher fee will ensure a transaction gets picked up by miners and goes through faster.

Read more: How do Bitcoin Transactions Work?

Related: DeFi Hype Has Sent Ethereum Fees Soaring to 2-Year High: Coin Metrics

Bitcoin fees cost an average of about $3 per transaction, according to Bitcoin statistic site bitinfocharts. Fees rise with demand. There have been times in Bitcoin’s history, particularly in 2017, when fees exploded due to increasing demand. Bitcoin has limited space for transactions, so users had to pay higher fees if they wanted their transaction to go through faster.

These fees are a pain, so bitcoin developers have spent a lot of energy on carving out more Bitcoin block space to make room for new users and their transactions while keeping within the actual block-size constraint of 1 MB.

Transaction batching and SegWit

Veriphi’s report concludes companies could have saved 21,131.97 BTC in fees (worth $195 million) if all transactions from January 2012 to June 2020 had used a technique called transaction batching. 

Transaction batching is a way of sending multiple transactions at once in order to cut down on paying for each individual transaction. This option is more likely to be used by companies, like exchanges Coinbase and Kraken, which send several transactions at once, rather than singular users.

Related: After Years of Resistance, BitPay Adopts SegWit for Cheaper Bitcoin Transactions

Plus, users could have saved 36,685.72 BTC in fees (worth $339 million) if SegWit had been used on all transactions from August 2017 to June 2020. That adds up to a total of 57,817.69 BTC, worth more than $534 million at the time the report was released.

Read more: Bitcoin Just Hit $1 Billion in All-Time Transaction Fees

SegWit, officially added to Bitcoin in 2017, is a technology that allows for more space for transactions per block. 

Even though SegWit was activated nearly three years ago, each individual wallet and bitcoin service needs to individually add support for these types of transactions. In some cases, individual users still need to opt in to using SegWit-enabled addresses for their transactions. 

Read more: What is SegWit?

As can be expected, wallets and other bitcoin services have so far adopted SegWit at their own pace. Adding a new way to send transactions isn’t a trivial task and requires engineering bandwidth; as such, some companies have not prioritized making the necessary infrastructure changes to their platforms.

If average fees grow higher than users would like, however, users who want to save on fees may jump from these slow-to-act platforms over to a bitcoin wallet or exchange that’s adopted SegWit.

Bitcoin fees and the next bull run

That said, Gustavo J. Flores, Veriphi head of product and research argued that both SegWit and transaction batching have been around for years. And users of these wallets and services could have saved a lot of money if these technologies had been used for that entire time. 

“I saw the news a couple of months ago of Coinbase integrating transaction batching into their system and I thought how late that was, given that batching has been around since 2011 or 2012. We were wondering, how big was the impact of all these companies and users that hadn’t adopted batching and Segwit? And it turned out to be a pretty substantial number: half a billion dollars,” Flores told CoinDesk.

Read more: After Years of Resistance, BitPay Adopts SegWit for Cheaper Bitcoin Transactions

Now that bitcoin’s price has jumped to more than $11,000, perhaps signalling the start of the next bull run, it’s time to consider a scenario where fees might be on the rise again. 

In the report, Veriphi encourages any person or entity responsible for sending many transactions to think about best practices for saving money on fees. 

“The savings potential presented is significant and those conducting large amounts of transactions should seriously consider employing these tools in order to remain competitive and save money.”

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CoinDesk

Federal Reserve Keeps Rates Close to Zero, Continues Buying Treasurys

6 years 2 months ago

The Federal Reserve said Wednesday that it would hold benchmark U.S. interest rates close to zero and continue buying Treasury bonds to support the coronavirus-devastated economy.

  • Rate to stay in range between 0 and 0.25%.
  • Fed says “path of the economy will depend significantly on the course of the virus.”
  • “Economic activity and employment have picked up somewhat in recent months but remain well below their levels at the beginning of the year,” according to the statement.
  • “Weaker demand and significantly lower oil prices are holding down consumer price inflation.”
  • Purchases of Treasury bonds and mortgage-backed securities will continue “at least at the current pace to sustain smooth market functioning.”
  • The Fed’s monetary-policy committee issued the statement at the conclusion of its two-day policy meeting this week.
  • Fed Chair Jerome Powell is expected to host a press conference at 2:30 p.m. ET.
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CoinDesk

Coinbase Now Offers 2% Rewards on Dai Stablecoin Accounts

6 years 2 months ago

U.S.-based crypto exchange Coinbase has launched a rewards program for customers holding the dai stablecoin from popular DeFi project Maker.

  • Coinbase said Wednesday that users holding more than 1 dai will see returns at 2% annual percentage yield (APY).
  • The program applies to customers residing in the U.S., U.K., The Netherlands, Spain, France and Australia. 
  • Rewards are to be distributed within the first five business days of receiving dai in a Coinbase account and will be handed out daily after the first payout.
  • Coinbase has a similar program for U.S. customers that rewards users based on the number of USD Coin (USDC) held in their exchange wallets, and has one planned for cardano (ADA) this year.
  • The exchange already rewards users for interacting with educational content with dai as part of the Coinbase Earn project.
  • Dai-issuer MakerDAO is the biggest platform in decentralized finance, or DeFi. Earlier this week, total value of cryptocurrency locked into the scheme crossed above $1 billion – a first for any DeFi project.
  • Maker itself offers interest on holdings of dai and it’s possible Coinbase is merely passing on these earnings with its rewards program.
  • CoinDesk reached out to the exchange for clarity, but had not not heard back by press time.

See also: IRS Enlists Coinbase in Latest Crypto Tracing Deal

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Indian Users Almost 5 Times More Likely to Encounter Crypto Hacking: Microsoft Report

6 years 2 months ago

While increased volatility and rising mining difficulties have deterred crypto-mining attacks, users in India and Sri Lanka face a relatively higher chance of encountering one, according to Microsoft’s recent cybersecurity report for countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

Mining attacks infect a user’s computer with crypto-mining malware that allows the hacker to utilize someone else’s computing power to mine cryptos without their knowledge. 

  • The report notes India’s encounter rate for such attacks is 4.6 times higher than the global and regional average. The crypto-hack encounter rate for India in 2019 was 0.23%, a decline of over 50% since 2018.
  • Users in Sri Lanka and Vietnam also face a high incidence of such attacks.
  • In addition to crypto-hacking, malware, ransomware and drive-by download attacks pose big cybersecurity challenges in India, according to the report.
  • Although the report states that drive-by download attacks have dipped overall in the region, India registered a rise of 140% in such attacks. These involve the unintentional download of malicious software when users visit a website or use an app and can be used to extract intellectual property or financial information. Singapore, India and Hong Kong are three countries that face the highest incidence of such attacks. 
  • The security report compiled by Microsoft, using data from January to December 2019, also states that about 6% of Indian users encountered malware attacks over the last year.
  • The Asia-Pacific region also has a higher than average malware and ransomware encounter rate – 1.6 and 1.7 times higher than global averages respectively, according to the report.

Read more: Is Bitcoin Mining Legal in India? Miners Still Don’t Know

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CoinDesk

Blockchain Bites: Ledger’s Breach, Celsius’ Contradictions and DeFi’s Next Frontier

6 years 2 months ago

Ledger suffered a data breach, crypto mining in India comes with questions and a new decentralized finance (DeFi) looks to offer lending and saving opportunities for PoS token holders.

You’re reading Blockchain Bites, the daily roundup of the most pivotal stories in blockchain and crypto news, and why they’re significant. You can subscribe to this and all of CoinDesk’s newsletters here. 

Top shelf

Anchor Aweigh
Liquidity mining is coming to proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchains. Anchor, the new DeFi platform from Terra, Cosmos, Web3 Foundation and Solana, is designed to launch with a governance-token reward. Version 1 will go live in October, according to a Terra co-founder, offering a two-pronged platform for PoS token holders. The system offers savings accounts and a lending platform – the bread and butter that made DeFi on Ethereum a multibillion-dollar enterprise. “We’ve been looking at ways in order to earn passive income on our users, for unused balances in unused assets,” Do Kwon, a co-founder of Terra and the startup built atop it, Chai, said. CoinDesk’s Brady Dale breaks down how it works.

Related: First Mover: Crypto Traders ‘Greedy’ as Goldman Warns on Dollar

Elevator Rides Towards Regulatory Approval
ArCoin became the first cryptographically traded U.S. Treasury Fund registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (a so-called ‘40 Act Fund) in early July – after 605 days of attempting to appease regulators. Arca Labs and Tokensoft, the fund’s pursuer and designer, met with and overcame regulators’ misconceptions of how crypto markets function, partly through proximity: Tokensoft’s offices were 10 floors apart from the SEC’s in San Francisco’s financial district. The fund does not represent an investment in the Ethereum blockchain, but it does signal a shift in the regulator’s tolerance for public blockchain investment vehicles. 

Celsius’ Contradictions
Crypto lender Celsius is making uncollateralized loans, on a limited basis, contradicting the claims of its founder, Alex Mashinsky. “Celsius’ total uncollateralized loans are less than a fraction of 1 percent out of tens of thousands of loans issued since 2018,” a Celsius representative said. Uncollateralized lending is one of several practices that the firm has downplayed or not shared with depositors – including the rehypothecation of collateral borrowers pledge. “In its terms of use, Celsius reserves the right to re-hypothecate customers’ assets, but it’s ambiguous whether the passage refers solely to depositors’ funds or to borrowers’ pledged collateral as well,” CoinDesk’s Nathan DiCamillo reports.  

Ledger Hacked
Ledger suffered a data breach that may have leaked client information for over two months. In a note to clients Wednesday, CEO Pascal Gauthier said the French hardware wallet provider’s e-commerce and marketing database was accessed by an unknown third party, exposing email addresses of customers who signed up to Ledger’s newsletter or receive promotional material, as well as full names, postal addresses, and phone numbers of about 9,500 customers. In total, the company estimates around one million email addresses have been stolen. Customer funds, passwords and payment info were not affected, and the hole has been patched. 

Mining Muddle
India’s Supreme Court has relaxed a ban on banking cryptocurrency firms but the verdict is still out on crypto mining. Recently, a rumor spread of a new government ban. ”It’s risky and bizarre to work in such an environment,” Anshul Dhir, founder of mining startup Qadcore, said. His business, and many like it, are operating under a cloud of uncertainty including whether customers will allow necessary ASICs chips into the country. 

Quick bites At stake

Related: Blockchain Bites: Bitcoin’s New ETP, Ethereum’s ‘Woodstock Moment’ and Silvergate’s SEN Zen

CoinDesk’s Nikhilesh De spoke with Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) Chairman Heath Tarbert about his approach to crypto regulation. The nation’s top commodities regulator noted that many of crypto’s unique attributes – borderlessness and decentralization – require a thoughtful approach. 

Economic systems are in a constant state of flux.

  • “Our entire financial and economic system outside the current system, the non-crypto system basically evolved since, one could argue, the Renaissance in Italy,” he said. “Whereas what people are doing in the digital asset space is effectively building within a decade or less an entire economic system based on human incentives and trust … I just find that fascinating.”
  • Tarbert specified that he is interested in the way developers are incorporating “hundreds of years of accumulated knowledge about human behavior and economic incentives” as well as cryptographic methods originally used in national security applications to build these digital commerce systems.  

Blockchain could become the foundation of an entirely new financial system.

  • “When you think about the idea that at some point a large part of our financial system could very well exist in blockchain format, that’s also revolutionary,” he said.

On the duties of a regulator. 

  • “My view is that to be a successful CFTC chairman, meaning regulating the derivatives market, you have to have [a] keen understanding of the underlying market,” he said. “And so I’ve tried to learn as much as I can about the various agricultural sectors. I’ve gone out into fields and … gone to grain elevators, I’ve gone to a feedlot to learn about cattle and wheat. I’m learning about oil but I’m also learning a lot about crypto and in many ways, because it’s so revolutionary and so cutting edge, I’m spending a lot of time just learning how it all works in the ecosystem.”

On writing the law of the land.

  • “I suspect some of it will be principles-based and some of it will be more specific rules … the right blend of each to allow for innovation and also flexibility both for market participants but also for ourselves because we don’t want a regulatory framework to be obsolete six months after it’s introduced, but at the same time, there may be customer protection and maybe some other issues that are so important that we want to provide very clear standards and rules to provide clarity.”
Market intel

FOMO, Greed & Crypto
A popular gauge of market sentiment known as the Crypto Fear and Greed Index has, in just one week, turned from “fear” to “extreme greed.” Swedish cryptocurrency analysis firm Arcane Research found the market is now at its greediest in a year. Bitcoin is up 51% in 2020. Meanwhile, Ether has jumped about 30% just in the past seven days – a bigger gain than the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index mustered in all of 2019 – and is up 142% on the year. “For bitcoin, this rally is driven largely by FOMO and a momentum play,” Denis Vinokourov, head of research for cryptocurrency prime broker BeQuant, said Tuesday in emailed comments. FOMO stands for “fear of missing out.” 

Latest ETH ATH
Ethereum usage is rocketing as the number of contract calls – a metric for network activity – hits an all-time high. Coin Metrics reported Tuesday more than 3.1 million daily contract calls had gone through on July 25, an all-time high. A contract call is where a user requests a specific function from a smart contract that, unlike a transaction, doesn’t publish anything on the blockchain – sort of like a dry run. The bump primarily came from DeFi applications, which has more than quadrupled in size to $4 billion total value locked, year-to-date.

Tech pod

Lighten the Node
MIT researchers have developed a way to make it easier to run a Bitcoin full node. The software, called Utreexo, shrinks the size of a node’s “state,” or an up-to-date account of the entire Bitcoin network, from roughly four gigabytes to less than a kilobyte. This is an important step for a continually growing network that relies on nodes to validate transactions. The code exists as a testnet; developers will have to eventually modify Bitcoin Core to make it suitable for use with real money.

Secret Contracts
The community behind “secret contracts” is moving forward after months of delay. The Secret Network, an open source network that protects data for users of decentralized applications, known as “Secret Apps,” has started a token burn and is welcoming players such as Binance, Staked and Figment to its testnet of “secret contracts.” The network’s protocol lets decentralized applications use encrypted data without revealing it on a public blockchain, or even to nodes themselves, using smart contracts that use private data termed “secret contracts.” 

Opinion

First Amendment Protections
Justin Wales, co-chair of Carlton Fields’ national blockchain and virtual currency practice, said Bitcoin is protected under the First Amendment, including all the decentralized bits and bobs it enables. “We’ve all heard the phrase ‘Money is Speech,’ which stems from the U.S. Supreme Court’s recognition that the use of money can itself be an expressive act. One has a right to donate to a political party because we view that type of spending not as financial, but as communicative. Because of Bitcoin, money is no longer restrained to a dollar’s limitations. Accordingly, the range of expression one is capable of has been expanded because money has taken on a more useful form,” he writes. 

Podcast

Why Bitcoin Boomed
NLW looks at eight factors that may explain Bitcoin’s recent surge to a yearly high – ranging from banks beginning to custody crypto after a recent rules change, federal money printing and Robinhood traders getting wise to crypto. 

Who won #CryptoTwitter? Related Stories
CoinDesk

DeFi Lender Aave Rolls Out Governance Token on Path to Decentralization

6 years 2 months ago

Money protocol Aave is going fully autonomous, according to documents shared with CoinDesk.

Formerly EthLend, Aave will transfer ownership of the protocol over to a “genesis governance” built and approved by token holders. The platform’s native lend (LEND) token will also swap for the new aave (AAVE) token, documents show.

Aave launched its Ethereum-based money market in January 2020 after completing a 2017 initial coin offering (ICO) raising $16.2 million, according to Messari. EthLend originally launched as a peer-to-peer (P2P) lending protocol but switched to a pooled protocol that allows for more dynamic asset listings, network liquidity and variable interest rates.

Related: Why DeFi on Ethereum Is Like Algorithmic Trading in the ‘90s

The platform was one of the first to include the novel decentralized finance (DeFi) product flash loans this past spring. These financial products allow users to make outsized positions on trades without any downside.

Read more: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the DeFi ‘Flash Loan’ Attack

LEND tokens swapped for AAVE

The 1.3 billion LEND tokens will swap with the newly minted AAVE at 1:100 for a total of 16 million AAVE. Of the 16 million, 3 million will be issued to a new “Aave Reserve” for protocol improvements under the auspices of the community, Aave writes. The rest will be issued to current LEND holders.

Market Policies (for determining asset listings, loan-to-value (LTV) ratios and interest rate modeling) and Protocol Policies (for risk, general improvements and platform incentives) will be determined by community votes, formalized in Aave Improvement Proposals (AIPs). 

Liquidity mining

Related: How the EEA Made Ethereum Palatable to Big Business

The Aave platform will incorporate en vogue liquidity mining, a method to attract assets to the platform. The team said AAVE tokens will be accrued to users for deposits into the protocol’s backstop, the Safety Module (SM). 

Read more: What Is Yield Farming? The Rocket Fuel of DeFi, Explained

Aave’s SM provides security for the platform in the case of a catastrophic failure from a major liquidation event, smart-contract bug or pricing data mistake. Aave will use Chainlink’s oracle network for pricing assets. 

The SM is constructed via Balancer, another DeFi protocol called an automatic market maker (AMM). These protocols let users swap tokenized assets such as ether and dai (ETH/DAI) in a permissionless manner. Users will also gain Balancer (BAL) tokens, plus various network fees for SM depositors, Aave says.

Read more: Following COMP’s Surge, DeFi Platform Balancer Begins Distribution of BAL Tokens

Aave isn’t the only DeFi platform to migrate toward autonomous and decentralized governance. 

The Maker Foundation, which oversees MakerDAO, has been slowly moving toward full decentralization since the project launched in 2015. Asset platform Synthetix similarly announced its transition to a network of multiple decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) Monday.

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CoinDesk

Marine Corps Bans Crypto Mining Apps From Government-Issued Mobile Devices

6 years 2 months ago

The U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) on Tuesday banned service members from installing bitcoin and cryptocurrency mining apps on government-furnished mobile devices.

  • “Bitcoin/Cryptocurrency Mining Tools” appears on a list of prohibited application types, alongside games, gambling, dating, security bypassing and other unsanctioned categories banned in a USMC memo signed Tuesday.
  • While the memo allowed that certain commercial apps “provide new opportunities to improve mission effectiveness,” others nonetheless introduce “privacy and security concerns,” especially when installed on government phones. It did not provide a specific reason for the bitcoin mining app ban.
  • The memo asked service members to heed the U.S. government’s warnings when downloading prohibited apps on their personal devices.
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Binance Australia Is Actually Run by the Founders of TravelbyBit

6 years 2 months ago

Binance launched a new Australian fiat-to-crypto exchange platform Wednesday that CoinDesk has discovered is run by the founders of a company providing crypto payment services for the local tourist industry.

  • Binance announced Wednesday its Australian platform – a local onramp to the broader Binance ecosystem – will now accept AUD deposits from local bank accounts.
  • In the announcement, CEO Changpeng Zhao said the gateway will provide a “regulated platform” for Australian users.
  • After CoinDesk made inquiries, a spokesperson said Binance Australia was a separate entity from the main exchange group – similar to Binance U.S.
  • It is operated by InvestbyBit Pty, a Queensland-based private company and a licensed Australian digital currency exchange.
  • Through InvestbyBit, Binance Australia is registered with AUSTRAC, one of the country’s primary financial enforcement agencies, the spokesperson added.
  • As the name suggests, InvestbyBit has close ties to TravelbyBit, a crypto payment provider for the tourist industry in which Binance invested $2.5 million in late 2018.
  • On LinkedIn, InvestbyBit CEO Caleb Yeoh is one of the co-founders of TravelbyBit; COO Shireen Yip is also listed as InvestbyBit’s investment consultant.
  • When Binance Australia’s precursor, Binance Lite, launched in early 2019, it was also operated by InvestbyBit.

See also: Binance Is Not Under Our Jurisdiction, Says Malta Regulator

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Marathon Boosting Bitcoin Mining Game With 1,360 More Rigs Arriving in August

6 years 2 months ago

Publicly traded cryptocurrency mining firm Marathon Patent Group is planning to receive 1,360 additional bitcoin mining rigs in August in a rollout that will rocket its Quebec facility’s hashpower up 320% to 184 peta hashes.

  • The company said in a press release it expects 700 newly bought M31S+ ASIC Miners from MicroBT and 660 previously ordered Bitmain S-19 Pro Miners to arrive in mid-August.
  • Marathon has purchased 3,020 total rigs from the fiercely competitive mining rivals in the past few months. It already has 700 active MicroBT miners, and, in addition to the August arrivals, is waiting on 1,000 more from Bitmain coming in Q4.
  • “Based on current bitcoin prices, the company would expect to become cash flow positive” once it installs the August rigs, CEO Merrick Okamoto said in a press statement.

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Carbon Credits Have a Double-Spend Problem. This Microsoft-Backed Project Is Trying to Fix It

6 years 2 months ago

The InterWork Alliance (IWA), a tech-agnostic token standardization initiative that grew out of the Enterprise Ethereum Alliance, is working on blockchain tools to prevent the “double-spending” of carbon credits.

Carbon accounting works by allowing countries or corporate entities to pay for their carbon-emitting sins, thus creating a market mechanism to drive industry toward greener processes.

But there’s a problem.

Related: Microsoft Partners With Waves Enterprise to Tokenize Industrial Assets

“There’s no way right now for you to determine that a tree hasn’t been sold 100 times over,” said Microsoft blockchain architect and IWA Chairman Marley Gray.

The Microsoft-backed IWA sustainability group is stepping in with a tokenization standard that aims to bring transparency to carbon accounting.

Read more: Firm Uses Ethereum to Tokenize Sustainable Infrastructure in Fight Against Climate Change

Large companies can offset their carbon emissions by participating in and funding environmentally friendly projects. However, there is a distinct lack of verified carbon-offsetting credits, said Gray.

Related: EU-Based Universities Say Blockchain Could Help Meet Paris Agreement Carbon Goals

“There are not enough verified – verified is the key word – carbon offset credits in the world today just to satisfy Microsoft’s needs for this year,” said Gray. “That was an eye-opener. Every major corporate is coming out with these big sustainability goals, so we have to do something dramatic to improve the supply of verified offsets.”

IWA’s solution

The IWA sustainability working group includes Accenture, Climate Chain Coalition, Digital Asset, Nasdaq, Neo Global Development, R3, SIX Digital Exchange (SDX), Xpansiv and others. The group will create a standardized framework for tokenization, starting with voluntary carbon offsetting, and will then expand its focus to regulated markets in the near future.

This is not a new problem and numerous technologists have tried to come up with ways to make carbon accounting more rigorous, including using blockchains. 

“You had a lot of startups go after these spaces, and everyone’s sort of building these walled gardens that don’t match the buyers’ requirements,” said Gray. “So we decided to back the bus up, and get everyone to agree on what a carbon credit is, how it’s structured and how we should then tokenize that to solve our double-spend credit problem.”

Read more: Hyperledger Conference Shows Where Blockchain Can Fight Global Warming

The term “carbon credit” has become overloaded, said Gray. Part of the IWA’s mission is to break down the different types of carbon credit for tokenization, such as EU-issued carbon credits traded on regulated markets. 

Carbon offsets, on the other hand, can be either derived from avoiding emissions by, for instance, using renewable energy, or by removing emissions via projects that plant trees. Illustrating the problem, these two variants are measured differently and priced differently, said Gray.

When it comes to verifying carbon offsetting projects, firms don’t care whether there’s a blockchain underlying the solution, they just want to be sure it’s trusted and transferable, Gray added.

“We have to be able to define a project so that buyers of carbon credits can find out the project details and see the provenance of that carbon credit and its worthiness,” he said.

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Bitcoin Looks Overbought but Analysts Play Down Drop Fears

6 years 2 months ago

With bitcoin rising to its highest level in 11 months this week, some investors are beginning to worry that the cryptocurrency is overbought and may be due for notable price drop. 

But analysts suggest that’s an overreaction.

  • Bitcoin’s price rose to $11,319 on Monday, the highest level since August 2019, according to CoinDesk’s Bitcoin Price Index.
  • At time of writing, the cryptocurrency is trading near $11,100, representing a 18% gain from lows near $9,400 observed a week ago.
  • The sudden rally has pushed the 14-day relative strength index (RSI) above 80.00.
  • A measurement of over 70.00 is considered overbought, meaning the bullish move is now overstretched.
  • Asim Ahmad, co-chief investment officer at London-based Eterna Capital, said that an above-70 RSI does not necessarily imply an impending major price slide.
  • More likely it indicates that the bullish move is overstretched and vulnerable to consolidation or a minor retracement at worst, Ahmad said.
  • Lennard Neo, head of research at Stack funds, explained the RSI can stay inflated for longer periods in a strongly trending market, adding that other indicators are showing strong buying momentum.
  • The RSI is based on price and remained elevated during the previous bulls runs.
Consolidation ahead?
  • Bitcoin remained bid and rose 160% in the second quarter of 2019 (above left) despite the RSI printing highs above 70.00 several times during the three-month period.
  • A similar pattern was observed during the bull market frenzy of 2017 (above right).
  • Back to summer 2020 and the overbought measurement on the RSI may keep the cryptocurrency hovering around $11,000 for some time. Support is seen around $10,500.
  • Rotation of money out of the DeFi space and traditional markets and into bitcoin would create momentum for the cryptocurrency, said Neo.
  • Prices could rise quickly toward $12,000 in the short-term if the U.S. Federal Reserve signals higher tolerance for inflation. That could yield another sell-off for the greenback and send gold above the $2,000 mark.
  • Bitcoin still remains vulnerable to a sell-off in equities, as was seen during the wider markets crash in March, according to Joel Kruger, a currency strategist at LMAX Digital.

Also read: How Real Is Bitcoin’s Rally? 8 Interpretations of Bitcoin’s Massive Surge

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First Mover: Crypto Traders ‘Greedy’ as Goldman Warns on Dollar

6 years 2 months ago

During a turbulent year when cryptocurrencies have outperformed just about every other major investment category, traders in digital-asset markets are getting even greedier. 

Bitcoin, the oldest and largest cryptocurrency, sits at an 11-month high of around $11,000 after surging earlier this week. It’s up 51% in 2020, nearly double the gains in gold, which generated enthusiasm in traditional markets this week when it rose to a record intraday high. 

Ether, the second-largest cryptocurrency, has jumped about 30% just in the past seven days, a bigger gain than the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index mustered in all of 2019. So far in 2020, ether is up 142%. 

Related: Blockchain Bites: Bitcoin’s New ETP, Ethereum’s ‘Woodstock Moment’ and Silvergate’s SEN Zen

You’re reading First Mover, CoinDesk’s daily markets newsletter. Assembled by the CoinDesk Markets Team, First Mover starts your day with the most up-to-date sentiment around crypto markets, which of course never close, putting in context every wild swing in bitcoin and more. We follow the money so you don’t have to. You can subscribe here. 

A popular gauge of market sentiment known as the Crypto Fear and Greed Index has, in just one week, turned from “fear” to “extreme greed.” According to the Swedish cryptocurrency-analysis firm Arcane Research, the market is now at its greediest in a year. 

“Although bitcoin has showed strength, Ethereum has been the real powerhouse of this bullish week in crypto,” Arcane wrote Tuesday in a report. Ether is the native token of the Ethereum blockchain. 

Bitcoin’s rally this week adds to the momentum witnessed recently across digital asset markets, which have grown rapidly in 2020 despite the tumult that has whipsawed traditional assets like stocks and bonds.

Related: Why Bitcoin-Like Scarcity Would Be a Disaster for the Dollar

“For bitcoin, this rally is driven largely by FOMO and a momentum play,” Denis Vinokourov, head of research for cryptocurrency prime broker BeQuant, said Tuesday in emailed comments. FOMO stands for “fear of missing out.” 

While bitcoin has gained because of its perceived use as an inflation hedge, similar to gold, alternative cryptocurrencies like ether have soared due investor speculation that they might play an outsize role in the monetary systems of the future, or even serve as the building blocks for a new financial system. 

“Ethereum has shown particularly strong gains, a rational response to its improving network fundamentals,” according to a report from the cryptocurrency data firm Coin Metrics. 

Heath Tarbert, chair of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, told CoinDesk’s Nikhilesh De in an interview published Tuesday he finds it “fascinating” how far the digital asset industry has come in the 11 years since bitcoin’s launch. 

“What people are doing in the digital asset space is effectively building, within a decade or less, an entire economic system,” Tarbert said. “When you think about the idea that at some point a large part of our financial system could very well exist in blockchain format, that’s also revolutionary.” 

The devastating economic toll of the coronavirus has severely tested all markets this year, both in analog and digital finance. Investors of all manner are having to account for multitudinous and countervailing forces, from the deflationary impact of soaring unemployment, to the trillions of dollars of government and central-bank stimulus, to the rapidly growing ranks of bankrupt companies, to the wild gyrations in foreign-exchange rates. 

The Federal Reserve on Wednesday is expected to issue a statement at the conclusion of its two-day closed-door meeting, followed by a press conference with Chairman Jerome Powell. 

As highlighted in First Mover on Tuesday, policy markets aren’t expected to take any major actions at the meeting, but Deutsche Bank Strategist Jim Reid says the Fed may need to inject another $12 trillion into financial markets in the next few years to help the economy heal.

The U.S. central bank already has expanded its balance sheet this year by about $3 trillion to roughly $7 trillion, fueling predictions that inflation could heat up once the economy start to recover.  

“The Fed is pivoting from ‘stabilization’ to ‘accommodation,'” Bank of America analysts wrote this week in a report. “The focus will be on stage-setting for future easing, which risks lower real rates and a weaker U.S. dollar.”

Fitch, the credit-ratings firm, wrote this week that the coronavirus impact will weigh on economic growth “for years to come.” 

Goldman Sachs, the Wall Street heavyweight, warned Tuesday that U.S. policy is triggering currency “debasement fears” that could jeopardize the dollar’s role as the world’s reserve currency. 

But as is always the case, the implications aren’t clear-cut. 

The Wells Fargo Investment Institute, which conducts financial-markets analysis on behalf of the third-biggest U.S. bank, predicted Tuesday that former Vice President Joe Biden will defeat President Donald Trump in November’s election, with Democrats also winning control of both chambers of Congress. Such an outcome that could lead to more “spending programs to potentially stimulate the economy.” 

Paul Christopher, head of global market strategy for the Wells Fargo unit, told First Mover in emailed comments that inflation is “very unlikely to mount a recovery,” due to the sluggishness of the economic recovery. 

“While many analysts focus on the rising supply of dollars, the demand for cash in spending is very likely to remain subdued. In such an environment, we believe inflation will fail to gain traction in the coming two years, or longer,” Christopher said. 

To Coin Metrics, just the increased uncertainty might provide support for crypto bulls who think higher inflation will eventually appear. 

“The coronavirus and the monetary and fiscal response have increased the uncertainty in the future path of monetary policy, inflation, and growth, all of which are supportive to bitcoin,” the firm wrote.  

Greed begets more greed. And based on the track record so far this year in digital asset markets, greedy crypto traders haven’t been disappointed. 

Tweet of the day Bitcoin watch

BTC: Price: $11,028 (BPI) | 24-Hr High: $11,196 | 24-Hr Low: $10,743

Trend: The bitcoin market is looking indecisive after witnessing solid two-way business on Tuesday. 

The leading cryptocurrency by market value clocked a high and low of $11,263 and $10,580 yesterday, before ending the day with a 1% drop at $10,940. Essentially, bitcoin charted a “spinning top” candle, which represents marginal gains or losses on the day following two-way price action. 

The spinning top is widely considered a sign of indecision in the marketplace, with neither bulls nor bears being in a commanding position. It also validates the overbought or above-70 reading seen on the 14-day relative strength index. 

In such situations, seasoned technical traders often wait on the sidelines till a strong directional move emerges. So far, bitcoin has not shown any signs of directional strength. Although the cryptocurrency is flashing green near $11,030 at press time, it is still trading well within Tuesday’s price range. 

Acceptance above Tuesday’s high of $11,263 would revive the bullish bias put forward by Monday’s high-volume break above the February high of $10,500 and expose resistance at $12,000.

Alternatively, a high-volume move below $10,500 would invalidate Monday’s bullish breakout. 

Exchange flows suggests the latest price breakout is here to stay, as does increased institutional participation. As such, a sustained move below $10,500 looks unlikely. 

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Digital Yen Now ‘Top Priority’ for Japan Central Bank, Says Senior Official

6 years 2 months ago

As pressure mounts to catch up with rival China, a Bank of Japan (BoJ) official has said digital currencies are a “top priority.”

  • Speaking to Japanese news outlet The Asahi Shimbun, Takeshi Kimura, departmental director-general, described the digital yen as a chief concern for the central bank.
  • The BoJ has been experimenting with a central bank digital currency (CBDC) but has so far said there are no plans to launch one.
  • The government said this month the launch of a digital yen would be considered as part of this year’s legislative agenda.
  • A proposal from the ruling Liberal Democratic Party in June said China’s global lead in CBDC development could become a national security threat.
  • Senior Japanese lawmakers have been calling on the government to step up research since February.
  • The Philippine central bank has also commissioned research for a CBDC, Governor Benjamin Diokno confirmed Wednesday. Results will be due sometime next month.

See also: Bank of Japan Forms New Team to Explore Central Bank Digital Currency

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Why DeFi on Ethereum Is Like Algorithmic Trading in the ‘90s

6 years 2 months ago

Mona El Isa would never go back to traditional finance. 

The former Goldman Sachs vice president developed the Melon protocol, a vehicle for creating Ethereum-based hedge funds without having to spend the tens of thousands of dollars it would take to launch a fund in traditional markets.

“Managers who are used to a fund custodian and fund administrator are starting to experiment with automating technology,” El Isa said.

Related: How the EEA Made Ethereum Palatable to Big Business

El Isa admits that not many founders in the decentralized finance (DeFi) space have her background in traditional capital markets. In the traditional world, DeFi resembles what algorithmic trading was in the ‘90s, said Tarun Chitra, CEO of Gauntlet Network, a business that does stress-tests on blockchain networks and DeFi platforms. 

“A lot of money was made on random equities on electronic exchanges,” Chitra said of the Clinton-era innovation. “They were people who were more technical than financial.”

Now Ethereum’s surging DeFi sector could force a similar migration.

Chitra said some traders are beginning to move away from over-the-counter (OTC) desks in favor of emerging DeFi platforms like automated market maker (AMM) Curve and lending protocol Compound. Why bother with an OTC middleman?

Related: Proof-of-Stake Chains Team Up to Prove DeFi Is Bigger Than Ethereum

Still, while proprietary traders have taken an interest in DeFi, few hedge funds and banks have entertained it, he said. 

But builders who’ve come from equities to DeFi see a lot of opportunity for growth.

New interest

For example, in the Melon protocol’s first year there were almost no users and only $250,000 on the platform, El Isa said. After Melon’s user interface was updated last February, the platform’s total assets increased to $1.2 million. Now the number of funds on Melon has tripled in the last four months, although many of them are experimental, El Isa added. Around two dozen of the funds on the platform are real funds. 

“The biggest success story on our platform is now half of the whole [assets under management],” El Isa said, referring to a closed fund that only lets in whitelisted investors. “He’s got $625,000 on his network.”

For traditional funds, operation costs are normally less than $100,000 for the first year and $75,000 for every year after that, she added. On Melon, the setup cost is currently $100 for the first year and around $1,000 to $2,000 per year in gas prices after that (the cost was around a fourth of those estimates last year, before gas prices started to spike).

As funds build longer track records,  El Isa hopes Melon will become more attractive to investors. “The track records are not long enough to make that attractive for people yet,” she said. “I think in a few months people will be like, ‘Wow, this fund has consistently been outperforming ether.’”

Even if El Isa ends up moving from building protocols to launching another fund, she said she’s determined to do so in DeFi. Melon protocol is now decentralized and El Isa has launched Avantgarde Financial, a company that plays the lead developer role for Melon. El Isa was formerly the CEO of Melonport AG.

‘Less scary’

Barney Mannerings, CEO of Vega Protocol, which aims to allow users to spin up a market for derivatives anywhere in the world, said that while DeFi is still in an experimental phase, he sees a great deal of interest from the large investment banks – the ones he used to advise while at Capco and Accenture.

Instead of creating a new derivative over the course of a year, Vega will allow users to submit market proposals and deploy them over the course of a few hours.

In keeping with Ethereum’s ethos, the protocol was designed to cut out the middlemen: In this instance, the commercial bank or broker that consumers pay to trade and the investment bankers those middlemen pay to trade for the consumer. 

“I was always thinking about the traders that I knew in London and New York and the products that they used in the real economy,” Mannerings said. 

In addition to building out Vega, Mannerings said he hopes large countries like the United States develop more crypto integrations to the traditional economy. 

“If I want to hedge my U.S. dollar risk on Vega and I can do it for a fifth of the cost, that’s great, but I also need to make sure that I can get U.S. dollars into an appropriate stablecoin and take that position easily,” he said. “We have to chip away at that risk and make it less and less scary.”

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How the EEA Made Ethereum Palatable to Big Business

6 years 2 months ago

Related: Market Wrap: Bitcoin’s Price and Ether’s Dominance Sit at 2020 Highs

No matter what enterprise platforms look like in 15 years, there will be pieces that evolved from ‘industry coopetition’ conversations that never would have happened otherwise.

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